{"id":80933,"date":"2017-09-14T17:16:17","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T17:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/?p=80933"},"modified":"2017-09-14T17:16:17","modified_gmt":"2017-09-14T17:16:17","slug":"enquete-elephants-dafrique-deplacer-echapper-braconniers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/enquete-elephants-dafrique-deplacer-echapper-braconniers\/","title":{"rendered":"Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le une strat\u00e9gie \u00e9tonnante des \u00e9l\u00e9phants d&rsquo;Afrique pour \u00e9chapper aux braconniers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants d\u2019Afrique font preuve d\u2019une adaptation extraordinaire. Ils ont appris \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer et \u00e0 se nourrir la nuit, pour mieux se cacher le jour et \u00e9chapper ainsi aux braconniers dans les zones o\u00f9 ceux-ci s\u00e9vissent particuli\u00e8rement, r\u00e9v\u00e8le une enqu\u00eate.<\/p>\n<p>En 2016, un \u00e9l\u00e9phant baptis\u00e9 Morgan avait permis \u00e0 des chercheurs d\u2019observer ce comportement. \u00c9quip\u00e9 d&rsquo;un collier GPS, il avait entrepris de traverser une r\u00e9gion tr\u00e8s risqu\u00e9e. Ce m\u00e2le solitaire avait quitt\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re du sud-est du Kenya pour aller jusqu&rsquo;en Somalie. Pour traverser cette zone tr\u00e8s p\u00e9rilleuse pour les \u00e9l\u00e9phants, il avait adopt\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie de survie en marchant essentiellement la nuit et en se dissimulant au milieu des arbustes le jour.<\/p>\n<p>Pour \u00e9tudier la modification de ce comportement les scientifiques de <em>Save The Elephants<\/em> ont \u00e9tabli un ratio permettant de mesurer l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;animal la nuit par rapport \u00e0 celle de jour. \u00ab <em>Notre hypoth\u00e8se est que le braconnage repr\u00e9sente clairement un risque diurne<\/em> \u00bb, expliquent-ils dans leur enqu\u00eate publi\u00e9e dans Ecological Indicators.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e en deux p\u00e9riodes. D\u2019abord de 2002 \u00e0 2009 o\u00f9 le niveau de braconnage \u00e9tait mod\u00e9r\u00e9, ensuite, de 2010 \u00e0 2012, o\u00f9 ce niveau \u00e9tait \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans le nord du Kenya.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont plus actifs le jour et se reposent la nuit. Sauf que ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que les \u00e9l\u00e9phants bougeaient plus la nuit que le jour, lorsque le niveau de braconnage \u00e9tait \u00e9lev\u00e9. Les chercheurs soulignent \u00e9galement que ce comportement est plus marqu\u00e9 chez les femelles que les m\u00e2les, car entour\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9phanteaux, elles sont souvent plus prudentes.<\/p>\n<p>Mais selon les chercheurs, ces changements peuvent avoir des cons\u00e9quences sur la strat\u00e9gie des \u00e9l\u00e9phants pour se nourrir, se reproduire et survivre. Aussi, pour les \u00e9l\u00e9phanteaux, le risque d&rsquo;\u00eatre attrap\u00e9s par des lions ou des hy\u00e8nes la nuit pourrait \u00eatre plus grande, indique \u00e0 l&rsquo;AFP Festus Ihwagi. \u00ab <em>Pour les \u00e9l\u00e9phants adultes, cela implique une alt\u00e9ration de leur vie sociale et peut avoir un impact sur leur activit\u00e9 sexuelle<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n<p>Environ 30.000 \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont tu\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e en Afrique pour alimenter le trafic mondial d&rsquo;ivoire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants d\u2019Afrique font preuve d\u2019une adaptation extraordinaire. Ils ont appris \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer et \u00e0 se nourrir la nuit, pour mieux se cacher le jour et \u00e9chapper ainsi aux braconniers dans les zones o\u00f9 ceux-ci s\u00e9vissent particuli\u00e8rement, r\u00e9v\u00e8le une enqu\u00eate. En 2016, un \u00e9l\u00e9phant baptis\u00e9 Morgan avait permis \u00e0 des chercheurs d\u2019observer ce comportement. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":80951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[20049,6992,6038,3346,9426,2030,3831,20050],"class_list":["post-80933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","tag-braconniers","tag-chercheurs","tag-deplace","tag-elephants","tag-etude","tag-jour","tag-nuit","tag-save-the-elephants","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le une strat\u00e9gie \u00e9tonnante des \u00e9l\u00e9phants d&#039;Afrique pour \u00e9chapper aux braconniers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/enquete-elephants-dafrique-deplacer-echapper-braconniers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le une strat\u00e9gie \u00e9tonnante des \u00e9l\u00e9phants d&#039;Afrique pour \u00e9chapper aux braconniers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants d\u2019Afrique font preuve d\u2019une adaptation extraordinaire. Ils ont appris \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer et \u00e0 se nourrir la nuit, pour mieux se cacher le jour et \u00e9chapper ainsi aux braconniers dans les zones o\u00f9 ceux-ci s\u00e9vissent particuli\u00e8rement, r\u00e9v\u00e8le une enqu\u00eate. 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