{"id":384698,"date":"2026-09-01T15:28:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T15:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=384698"},"modified":"2026-09-01T15:28:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T15:28:11","slug":"ethiopie-abiy-ahmed-president-executif","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/ethiopie-abiy-ahmed-president-executif\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9thiopie : Abiy Ahmed pourrait devenir pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00c9thiopie pourrait bient\u00f4t revoir en profondeur son syst\u00e8me politique. \u00c0 l\u2019issue du dialogue national, les participants ont soutenu la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une pr\u00e9sidence ex\u00e9cutive qui r\u00e9unirait les pouvoirs actuellement r\u00e9partis entre le pr\u00e9sident et le Premier ministre.<\/p>\n<p>La proposition place Abiy Ahmed au centre de toutes les attentions. Au pouvoir depuis 2018, le Premier ministre pourrait devenir le principal candidat \u00e0 cette nouvelle fonction si la r\u00e9forme est adopt\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>Une proposition attendue au Parlement<\/h2>\n<p>Les discussions se sont achev\u00e9es le 22 ao\u00fbt apr\u00e8s plusieurs semaines de travaux. Environ 4 000 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s ont particip\u00e9 au dialogue national. Le projet pourrait \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au Parlement d\u00e8s la reprise des travaux en octobre.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le syst\u00e8me actuel, le pr\u00e9sident \u00e9thiopien exerce surtout une fonction honorifique. L\u2019essentiel du pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif appartient au Premier ministre. La r\u00e9forme propos\u00e9e fusionnerait ces deux postes et ferait du pr\u00e9sident le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat et du gouvernement.<\/p>\n<p>Le titulaire du nouveau poste serait choisi par le Parlement. Cette disposition donnerait un net avantage \u00e0 Abiy Ahmed, puisque son Parti de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 dispose d\u2019une tr\u00e8s large majorit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s les \u00e9lections de juin.<\/p>\n<h2>Les partisans du projet d\u00e9fendent l\u2019unit\u00e9 nationale<\/h2>\n<p>Pour les d\u00e9fenseurs de la r\u00e9forme, une pr\u00e9sidence ex\u00e9cutive pourrait mieux repr\u00e9senter l\u2019ensemble des communaut\u00e9s \u00e9thiopiennes. Aujourd\u2019hui, le Premier ministre devient d\u2019abord d\u00e9put\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9gion avant d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate du gouvernement.<\/p>\n<p>Le dialogue national recommande aussi de r\u00e9duire le soutien public accord\u00e9 aux partis construits sur une base ethnique. L\u2019objectif affich\u00e9 est d\u2019encourager des formations capables de rassembler des \u00e9lecteurs dans tout le pays.<\/p>\n<p>Cette question est sensible en \u00c9thiopie, o\u00f9 l\u2019organisation f\u00e9d\u00e9rale repose largement sur les identit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et linguistiques. Les promoteurs du changement estiment qu\u2019un ex\u00e9cutif national plus fort pourrait limiter les divisions.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u2019opposition redoute une concentration du pouvoir<\/h2>\n<p>Les critiques de la r\u00e9forme y voient au contraire un risque de centralisation. Selon eux, Abiy Ahmed pourrait cumuler davantage de pouvoirs tout en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant du contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 par son parti sur le Parlement.<\/p>\n<p>La repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 du dialogue national est \u00e9galement contest\u00e9e. Plusieurs grands partis d\u2019opposition ont boycott\u00e9 les travaux. Les groupes arm\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9s dans les conflits qui secouent le pays n\u2019y ont pas particip\u00e9 non plus.<\/p>\n<p>Ces absences nourrissent les doutes sur la capacit\u00e9 du processus \u00e0 r\u00e9gler les crises politiques et s\u00e9curitaires. Des affrontements se poursuivent en Oromia et en Amhara, deux des r\u00e9gions les plus peupl\u00e9es du pays.<\/p>\n<h2>Un pays encore marqu\u00e9 par les conflits<\/h2>\n<p>La situation reste aussi fragile dans le Tigr\u00e9, o\u00f9 la guerre men\u00e9e entre 2020 et 2022 a fait plusieurs centaines de milliers de morts selon diff\u00e9rentes estimations. La crainte d\u2019une reprise des violences demeure pr\u00e9sente.<\/p>\n<p>Certains participants consid\u00e8rent malgr\u00e9 tout le dialogue comme une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape. Ils soulignent que des groupes aux visions oppos\u00e9es ont pu discuter de l\u2019avenir institutionnel du pays pendant plusieurs semaines.<\/p>\n<p>La prochaine bataille se jouera au Parlement. Avant toute modification du syst\u00e8me, les autorit\u00e9s devront pr\u00e9ciser le contenu de la r\u00e9forme, son calendrier et les garanties pr\u00e9vues pour \u00e9viter une concentration excessive du pouvoir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00c9thiopie envisage de cr\u00e9er une pr\u00e9sidence ex\u00e9cutive. Une r\u00e9forme qui pourrait placer Abiy Ahmed \u00e0 la t\u00eate du nouvel ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":384701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,195177,197],"tags":[159574,3506,753,4570,204395],"class_list":["post-384698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","category-ethiopie","category-politique","tag-abiy-ahmed","tag-constitution","tag-ethiopie","tag-parlement","tag-reforme-constitutionnelle"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9thiopie : Abiy Ahmed pourrait devenir pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019\u00c9thiopie envisage une pr\u00e9sidence ex\u00e9cutive qui fusionnerait les fonctions de pr\u00e9sident et de 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