{"id":384076,"date":"2026-08-12T09:16:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T09:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=384076"},"modified":"2026-08-12T09:16:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T09:16:55","slug":"zambie-hichilema-election-vie-chere-electricite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/zambie-hichilema-election-vie-chere-electricite\/","title":{"rendered":"Zambie : Hichilema joue gros \u00e0 la veille d\u2019un vote sous tension"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Zambie retient son souffle \u00e0 la veille d\u2019une \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle qui pourrait d\u00e9cider de l\u2019avenir politique de Hakainde Hichilema. L\u2019\u00e9lection en Zambie, pr\u00e9vue jeudi 13 ao\u00fbt 2026, doit permettre \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 8,8 millions d\u2019\u00e9lecteurs de choisir leur pr\u00e9sident et leurs d\u00e9put\u00e9s. Le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat sortant sollicite un second mandat apr\u00e8s cinq ann\u00e9es marqu\u00e9es par des r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi par une vie quotidienne devenue difficile pour de nombreuses familles.<\/p>\n

Le scrutin compte quatorze candidats. Hakainde Hichilema reste le favori, mais la mont\u00e9e de Brian Mundubile a resserr\u00e9 la comp\u00e9tition. Dans les march\u00e9s, les transports et les quartiers populaires, la campagne se joue moins sur les grands indicateurs \u00e9conomiques que sur le prix des aliments, le co\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, l\u2019emploi et la fiabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Hakainde Hichilema d\u00e9fend son bilan \u00e9conomique<\/h2>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident sortant affirme avoir remis de l\u2019ordre dans une \u00e9conomie lourdement endett\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019il est arriv\u00e9 au pouvoir en 2021. Son gouvernement met en avant la restructuration de plus de 13 milliards de dollars de dette ext\u00e9rieure, la reprise des investissements miniers et le retour d\u2019une plus grande confiance des partenaires internationaux.<\/p>\n

Hakainde Hichilema cite \u00e9galement la gratuit\u00e9 de l\u2019enseignement primaire et secondaire, le recrutement d\u2019enseignants et de personnels de sant\u00e9, ainsi que l\u2019augmentation des fonds destin\u00e9s aux circonscriptions. Ses partisans estiment que ces mesures ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des bases plus solides pour la croissance et am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services publics.<\/p>\n

L\u2019inflation a nettement ralenti et le kwacha s\u2019est renforc\u00e9. Mais ces progr\u00e8s ne se ressentent pas toujours dans le portefeuille des m\u00e9nages. Le prix de certains produits de base reste \u00e9lev\u00e9, tandis que les revenus ne suivent pas au m\u00eame rythme. C\u2019est ce d\u00e9calage entre les r\u00e9sultats macro\u00e9conomiques et la vie r\u00e9elle qui domine la fin de la campagne.<\/p>\n

La vie ch\u00e8re au centre du vote<\/h2>\n

Pour de nombreux \u00e9lecteurs, la question principale est simple : leur situation s\u2019est-elle r\u00e9ellement am\u00e9lior\u00e9e depuis 2021 ? Les d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es \u00e0 la nourriture, au transport, au carburant et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 continuent de peser lourd. Les petits commer\u00e7ants et les salari\u00e9s modestes disent avoir du mal \u00e0 couvrir leurs besoins mensuels.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement peut rappeler que l\u2019inflation annuelle est revenue autour de 6,6 %, son niveau le plus bas depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Sur les march\u00e9s, cependant, le prix de l\u2019huile de cuisson et d\u2019autres produits essentiels reste bien sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui observ\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du mandat. L\u2019opposition s\u2019appuie sur ce sentiment de frustration pour contester le r\u00e9cit d\u2019une \u00e9conomie r\u00e9tablie.<\/p>\n

Brian Mundubile promet de mieux r\u00e9partir les fruits de la croissance et de placer les jeunes et les femmes au c\u0153ur de son projet. Son alliance a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 une partie de l\u2019\u00e9lectorat de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Edgar Lungu, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2025. La longue querelle autour de l\u2019inhumation de l\u2019ancien dirigeant a renforc\u00e9 les divisions entre le pouvoir et ses anciens adversaires. AfrikMag avait suivi la bataille judiciaire remport\u00e9e par la famille d\u2019Edgar Lungu<\/a> sur les conditions de ses fun\u00e9railles.<\/p>\n

Les coupures d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 laissent des traces<\/h2>\n

La crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est l\u2019autre grand sujet du scrutin. Une s\u00e9cheresse s\u00e9v\u00e8re a r\u00e9duit la production hydro\u00e9lectrique en 2024 et 2025. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, les coupures ont atteint jusqu\u2019\u00e0 vingt heures par jour. Des commerces ont perdu des marchandises, des ateliers ont ralenti leur activit\u00e9 et de nombreuses familles ont pass\u00e9 de longues soir\u00e9es sans courant.<\/p>\n

La situation s\u2019est am\u00e9lior\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce aux importations d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de projets solaires. Les d\u00e9lestages sont moins longs qu\u2019au plus fort de la crise. Leur impact politique reste n\u00e9anmoins profond. Pour une partie de la population, les coupures symbolisent la difficult\u00e9 du gouvernement \u00e0 transformer ses r\u00e9formes en am\u00e9lioration rapide du quotidien.<\/p>\n

Hakainde Hichilema r\u00e9pond que la s\u00e9cheresse a frapp\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique trop d\u00e9pendant de l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Il promet de diversifier davantage la production et d\u2019investir dans de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s. Ses opposants affirment, eux, que le pouvoir a r\u00e9agi trop lentement et que le co\u00fbt de la crise a surtout \u00e9t\u00e9 support\u00e9 par les m\u00e9nages et les petites entreprises.<\/p>\n

Le cuivre, enjeu \u00e9conomique et g\u00e9opolitique<\/h2>\n

La Zambie est l\u2019un des grands producteurs africains de cuivre, un m\u00e9tal devenu indispensable \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale. Il repr\u00e9sente environ 70 % des recettes d\u2019exportation du pays et plus de 10 % de son produit int\u00e9rieur brut. Le prochain gouvernement devra donc r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question sensible : comment faire profiter davantage la population de cette richesse ?<\/p>\n

Le pouvoir veut porter la production annuelle \u00e0 trois millions de tonnes. Cette ambition attire l\u2019attention des \u00c9tats-Unis et de la Chine, qui cherchent \u00e0 s\u00e9curiser leur acc\u00e8s aux minerais strat\u00e9giques. Pour les \u00e9lecteurs, les annonces de nouveaux investissements ne suffiront pas si elles ne cr\u00e9ent pas des emplois stables, des contrats pour les entreprises locales et des revenus publics visibles.<\/p>\n

Un scrutin plus disput\u00e9 que pr\u00e9vu<\/h2>\n

Hakainde Hichilema avait remport\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9lection de 2021 avec une large avance apr\u00e8s plusieurs tentatives infructueuses. AfrikMag avait alors racont\u00e9 sa victoire face au pr\u00e9sident sortant<\/a>. Cinq ans plus tard, il doit convaincre que ses r\u00e9formes m\u00e9ritent du temps suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>\n

Pour gagner d\u00e8s le premier tour, un candidat doit d\u00e9passer 50 % des suffrages exprim\u00e9s. Si personne n\u2019atteint ce seuil, un second tour devra \u00eatre organis\u00e9. La pr\u00e9sence de quatorze candidats rend cette possibilit\u00e9 difficile \u00e0 \u00e9carter, m\u00eame si la bataille se concentre surtout autour du pr\u00e9sident sortant et de Brian Mundubile.<\/p>\n

Le vote testera aussi la r\u00e9putation d\u00e9mocratique de la Zambie. Le pays a connu plusieurs alternances pacifiques depuis le retour au multipartisme en 1991. Apr\u00e8s une campagne marqu\u00e9e par quelques violences et des doutes exprim\u00e9s sur l\u2019impartialit\u00e9 des institutions, les \u00e9lecteurs attendent un scrutin calme, transparent et accept\u00e9 par tous.<\/p>\n

Hakainde Hichilema joue donc bien plus qu\u2019un second mandat. Il demande aux Zambiens de croire \u00e0 une reprise qui commence \u00e0 produire des r\u00e9sultats. L\u2019opposition leur propose de sanctionner une am\u00e9lioration jug\u00e9e trop lente. Jeudi, le verdict d\u00e9pendra de la r\u00e9ponse apport\u00e9e par les \u00e9lecteurs \u00e0 une question tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8te : les r\u00e9formes ont-elles enfin chang\u00e9 leur vie ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la veille du scrutin du 13 ao\u00fbt, Hakainde Hichilema d\u00e9fend son bilan \u00e9conomique face \u00e0 des \u00e9lecteurs encore touch\u00e9s par la vie ch\u00e8re.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":384079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,197],"tags":[4221,199789,193219,192992,3508],"class_list":["post-384076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-politique","tag-election-presidentielle","tag-elections-en-afrique","tag-hakainde-hichilema","tag-lutte-contre-la-vie-chere","tag-zambie"],"yoast_head":"\nZambie : Hichilema face au verdict des \u00e9lecteurs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c0 la veille de l\u2019\u00e9lection en Zambie, Hakainde Hichilema d\u00e9fend ses r\u00e9formes face \u00e0 la vie ch\u00e8re, aux coupures 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