{"id":382438,"date":"2026-06-19T08:33:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T08:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=382438"},"modified":"2026-06-19T08:35:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T08:35:42","slug":"mnangagwa-zimbabwe-2030-reforme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/mnangagwa-zimbabwe-2030-reforme\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimbabwe : Mnangagwa se rapproche d\u2019un mandat jusqu\u2019en 2030"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Au Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa vient de franchir une \u00e9tape politique majeure. L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale a adopt\u00e9, jeudi 18 juin, une r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle qui pourrait repousser les prochaines \u00e9lections de 2028 \u00e0 2030 et prolonger de deux ans le mandat du pr\u00e9sident zimbabw\u00e9en.<\/p>\n<p>Le texte n\u2019est pas encore totalement boucl\u00e9. Il doit encore \u00eatre examin\u00e9 par le S\u00e9nat, o\u00f9 son adoption est largement attendue. Mais le vote des d\u00e9put\u00e9s suffit d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 relancer un d\u00e9bat sensible : jusqu\u2019o\u00f9 un chef d\u2019\u00c9tat peut-il modifier les r\u00e8gles du jeu quand son propre mandat arrive bient\u00f4t \u00e0 son terme ?<\/p>\n<h2>Deux ans de plus au pouvoir<\/h2>\n<p>La r\u00e9forme pr\u00e9voit de faire passer la dur\u00e9e des mandats du pr\u00e9sident, des d\u00e9put\u00e9s, des conseillers municipaux et des maires de cinq \u00e0 sept ans. Concr\u00e8tement, les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales pr\u00e9vues en 2028 seraient d\u00e9cal\u00e9es \u00e0 2030.<\/p>\n<p>Pour Emmerson Mnangagwa, \u00e2g\u00e9 de 83 ans, cela signifierait deux ann\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires au pouvoir. Arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate du Zimbabwe en 2017 apr\u00e8s la chute de Robert Mugabe, il a ensuite remport\u00e9 les \u00e9lections de 2018 et de 2023. Son second mandat devait normalement s\u2019achever en 2028.<\/p>\n<p>Le camp pr\u00e9sidentiel d\u00e9fend une r\u00e9forme destin\u00e9e, selon lui, \u00e0 donner plus de stabilit\u00e9 aux institutions et \u00e0 mieux organiser le calendrier \u00e9lectoral. Ses d\u00e9tracteurs y voient au contraire une mani\u00e8re de verrouiller le pouvoir autour du parti pr\u00e9sidentiel.<\/p>\n<h2>Le choix du pr\u00e9sident pourrait changer<\/h2>\n<p>Le projet ne se limite pas \u00e0 un simple allongement de mandat. Il propose aussi de transformer la mani\u00e8re dont le pr\u00e9sident est choisi. Au lieu d\u2019une \u00e9lection directe au suffrage populaire, le chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat pourrait \u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par les parlementaires.<\/p>\n<p>Ce point inqui\u00e8te particuli\u00e8rement l\u2019opposition et plusieurs organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Dans un pays o\u00f9 le parti au pouvoir domine d\u00e9j\u00e0 les institutions, un tel changement r\u00e9duirait le poids du vote direct des citoyens dans le choix du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9forme arrive aussi dans un climat tendu. Ces derniers mois, des opposants, des militants et d\u2019anciens acteurs de la lutte de lib\u00e9ration ont contest\u00e9 le processus, certains allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 saisir la justice. Des critiques affirment que les consultations publiques n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans un climat libre et apais\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Le souvenir de Mugabe reste pr\u00e9sent<\/h2>\n<p>Au Zimbabwe, toute discussion sur la dur\u00e9e au pouvoir renvoie forc\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente du pays. Robert Mugabe a dirig\u00e9 le Zimbabwe pendant pr\u00e8s de quatre d\u00e9cennies avant d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9 en 2017. Emmerson Mnangagwa, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un de ses hommes forts, avait alors promis une nouvelle page politique.<\/p>\n<p>Neuf ans plus tard, la question revient avec force : le pays avance-t-il vers une transition plus ouverte ou vers un syst\u00e8me o\u00f9 le parti dominant fixe encore une fois les r\u00e8gles selon ses propres int\u00e9r\u00eats ?<\/p>\n<p>Le cas zimbabw\u00e9en parle aussi au-del\u00e0 de Harare. Sur le continent, plusieurs pr\u00e9sidents \u00e2g\u00e9s ont prolong\u00e9 leur pr\u00e9sence au sommet de l\u2019\u00c9tat gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes constitutionnelles ou \u00e0 la suppression de limites de mandats. Le d\u00e9bat est d\u2019autant plus fort que l\u2019Afrique reste le continent le plus jeune du monde, avec une population largement compos\u00e9e de jeunes.<\/p>\n<h2>Un vote qui peut peser sur la confiance<\/h2>\n<p>Pour beaucoup de Zimbabw\u00e9ens, la question n\u2019est pas seulement juridique. Elle touche \u00e0 la confiance dans les \u00e9lections, \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des institutions \u00e0 rester neutres et \u00e0 l\u2019espoir d\u2019une alternance r\u00e9elle. Quand les r\u00e8gles changent \u00e0 l\u2019approche d\u2019une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance, une partie de l\u2019opinion y voit forc\u00e9ment un signal inqui\u00e9tant.<\/p>\n<p>Le pouvoir, lui, insiste sur la continuit\u00e9. Ses soutiens estiment que Mnangagwa a besoin de temps pour conduire ses r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et stabiliser le pays. Mais cette justification ne convainc pas tous les acteurs politiques, surtout dans un pays marqu\u00e9 par des ann\u00e9es de crise, de contestations \u00e9lectorales et de tensions autour des libert\u00e9s publiques.<\/p>\n<h2>Une d\u00e9cision tr\u00e8s suivie en Afrique<\/h2>\n<p>Le vote intervient au moment o\u00f9 les citoyens africains suivent de pr\u00e8s les questions de succession, d\u2019alternance et de long\u00e9vit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sidentielle. Dans certains pays, ces sujets provoquent des manifestations, des crises politiques ou de longues batailles judiciaires.<\/p>\n<p>Au Zimbabwe, la suite imm\u00e9diate se jouera donc au S\u00e9nat. Si le texte est adopt\u00e9 comme pr\u00e9vu, Emmerson Mnangagwa pourrait rester \u00e0 la t\u00eate du pays jusqu\u2019en 2030. Pour ses partisans, ce serait du temps suppl\u00e9mentaire pour mener son programme. Pour ses adversaires, ce serait une nouvelle preuve que l\u2019alternance devient de plus en plus difficile.<\/p>\n<p>Dans tous les cas, le message est clair : huit ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part de Mugabe, le Zimbabwe reste confront\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00eame grande question politique. Qui d\u00e9cide vraiment de la fin d\u2019un r\u00e8gne ? Le peuple dans les urnes, ou les institutions contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par ceux qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 au pouvoir ?<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 lire aussi sur AfrikMag : <a href=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/liste-des-10-presidents-africains-les-plus-ages\/\">la liste des 10 pr\u00e9sidents africains les plus \u00e2g\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au Zimbabwe, l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale a adopt\u00e9 une r\u00e9forme qui reporterait les \u00e9lections de 2028 \u00e0 2030 et prolongerait le mandat de Mnangagwa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":382444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,197],"tags":[3506,204328,42023,200732,204327,3454,47034,468],"class_list":["post-382438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-politique","tag-constitution","tag-elections-2030","tag-emmerson-mnangagwa","tag-harare","tag-mnangagwa-2030","tag-robert-mugabe","tag-zanu-pf","tag-zimbabwe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zimbabwe : Mnangagwa se rapproche de 2030<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Au Zimbabwe, une r\u00e9forme reporterait les \u00e9lections de 2028 \u00e0 2030 et prolongerait le mandat de Mnangagwa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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