{"id":382054,"date":"2026-06-03T10:13:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=382054"},"modified":"2026-06-03T10:13:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:13:10","slug":"les-10-pays-africains-les-plus-dependants-du-petrole-du-detroit-dormuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/les-10-pays-africains-les-plus-dependants-du-petrole-du-detroit-dormuz\/","title":{"rendered":"Les 10 pays africains les plus d\u00e9pendants du p\u00e9trole du d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Plusieurs \u00e9conomies africaines restent fortement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s p\u00e9troliers mondiaux en raison de leur d\u00e9pendance aux importations transitant par le d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz, l’un des points de passage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques les plus critiques au monde.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Toute perturbation sur cette voie navigable \u00e9troite peut rapidement se r\u00e9percuter sur les cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement mondiales, faisant grimper les prix du carburant et exposant les \u00e9conomies d\u00e9pendantes des importations \u00e0 des chocs soudains.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pour de nombreux pays africains, notamment les plus petites \u00e9conomies et les plus ouvertes, cette d\u00e9pendance n’est pas abstraite. Elle se traduit concr\u00e8tement par des factures d’importation de carburant plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, des pressions inflationnistes et un durcissement des conditions budg\u00e9taires lorsque les prix mondiaux augmentent.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Selon les donn\u00e9es de la CNUCED (Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement), plusieurs \u00c9tats africains s’approvisionnent en grande partie en p\u00e9trole dans la r\u00e9gion d’Ormuz, ce qui les rend vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 de l’un des corridors \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques les plus sensibles au monde.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Au-del\u00e0 de l’Afrique, les risques sont encore plus importants. Des perturbations dans le d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz pourraient placer les \u00e9conomies vuln\u00e9rables du monde entier en premi\u00e8re ligne d’un choc \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Sur 75 \u00e9conomies, dont les pays les moins avanc\u00e9s (PMA) et les petits \u00c9tats insulaires en d\u00e9veloppement (PEID), 65 d\u00e9pendent du p\u00e9trole import\u00e9, ce qui les rend particuli\u00e8rement sensibles aux flamb\u00e9es des prix.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dans ces pays, la hausse des co\u00fbts de l’\u00e9nergie impose des choix difficiles entre le financement des importations de carburant et celui des services publics essentiels tels que la sant\u00e9, l’\u00e9ducation et les infrastructures. La CNUCED estime que ces pressions pourraient toucher pr\u00e8s d’un milliard de personnes dans le monde, aggravant ainsi les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s structurelles existantes dans des \u00e9conomies d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sans mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation ou une plus grande diversification \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, de tels chocs risquent de renforcer les faiblesses structurelles de longue date des \u00e9conomies d\u00e9pendantes des importations, en particulier celles qui disposent de marges de man\u0153uvre budg\u00e9taires limit\u00e9es et qui d\u00e9pendent fortement des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en carburant externes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les donn\u00e9es mettent en \u00e9vidence une concentration frappante de la d\u00e9pendance parmi les petites \u00e9conomies insulaires et les \u00c9tats enclav\u00e9s, o\u00f9 la production nationale limit\u00e9e et les capacit\u00e9s de raffinage les obligent \u00e0 d\u00e9pendre des produits p\u00e9troliers raffin\u00e9s import\u00e9s, achemin\u00e9s par les plateformes commerciales mondiales li\u00e9es au Golfe.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les Seychelles se distinguent comme le pays le plus expos\u00e9, d\u00e9pendant presque totalement des importations de p\u00e9trole en provenance du d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz. Maurice et la Tanzanie pr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement des niveaux d’exposition \u00e9lev\u00e9s, sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 50 %, illustrant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9conomies ax\u00e9es sur le tourisme et les importations face aux chocs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques externes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hausse des co\u00fbts et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 structurelle<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Les cons\u00e9quences de cette d\u00e9pendance vont bien au-del\u00e0 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’approvisionnement. La CNUCED estime qu’une hausse de 50 % des prix du p\u00e9trole li\u00e9e \u00e0 des perturbations de l’approvisionnement pourrait alourdir la facture mondiale des importations des \u00e9conomies vuln\u00e9rables de plus de 20 milliards de dollars par an.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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De ce montant, les pays les moins avanc\u00e9s absorberaient environ 16,1 milliards de dollars de co\u00fbts suppl\u00e9mentaires, tandis que les petits \u00c9tats insulaires en d\u00e9veloppement seraient confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une pression suppl\u00e9mentaire d’environ 4,3 milliards de dollars.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pour les \u00e9conomies africaines incluses dans l’ensemble de donn\u00e9es, la hausse des factures d’importation de carburant risque d’aggraver les d\u00e9ficits budg\u00e9taires, d’augmenter les co\u00fbts de transport et d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et de limiter les investissements publics.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dans les \u00e9conomies o\u00f9 les importations d’\u00e9nergie repr\u00e9sentent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une part importante des d\u00e9penses en devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res, de tels chocs peuvent rapidement se traduire par des pressions inflationnistes et un ralentissement de la croissance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ces r\u00e9sultats mettent en lumi\u00e8re un d\u00e9fi structurel plus large : alors que les march\u00e9s mondiaux de l\u2019\u00e9nergie restent \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s au d\u00e9troit d\u2019Ormuz, de nombreuses \u00e9conomies africaines n\u2019ont pas encore r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 diversifier significativement leurs sources d\u2019approvisionnement ni \u00e0 renforcer leur r\u00e9silience \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plusieurs \u00e9conomies africaines restent fortement expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s p\u00e9troliers mondiaux en raison de leur d\u00e9pendance aux importations transitant par le d\u00e9troit d’Ormuz, l’un des points de passage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques les plus critiques au monde. Toute perturbation sur cette voie navigable \u00e9troite peut rapidement se r\u00e9percuter sur les cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement mondiales, faisant grimper les …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":382058,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,197],"tags":[201963,7390],"class_list":["post-382054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-politique","tag-detroit-dormuz","tag-petrole"],"yoast_head":"\nLes 10 pays africains les plus d\u00e9pendants du p\u00e9trole du d\u00e9troit d'Ormuz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les 10 pays africains les plus d\u00e9pendants du p\u00e9trole du d\u00e9troit d'Ormuz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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