{"id":381098,"date":"2026-05-05T09:10:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T09:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=381098"},"modified":"2026-05-05T09:10:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T09:10:59","slug":"ouganda-loi-agents-etrangers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/ouganda-loi-agents-etrangers\/","title":{"rendered":"Ouganda : la loi des \u00ab agents \u00e9trangers \u00bb provoque la col\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Ouganda est secou\u00e9 par un texte qui fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 trembler les ONG, les m\u00e9dias ind\u00e9pendants et une partie de la diaspora. Le projet de loi sur la protection de la souverainet\u00e9, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019influence \u00e9trang\u00e8re, est accus\u00e9 par ses opposants de menacer directement les libert\u00e9s publiques.<\/p>\n

Au centre de la pol\u00e9mique : une expression lourde de cons\u00e9quences, celle d\u2019\u00ab agent d\u2019un \u00e9tranger \u00bb. Dans sa premi\u00e8re version, le texte visait les personnes ou organisations accus\u00e9es d\u2019agir pour des int\u00e9r\u00eats ext\u00e9rieurs contre ceux de l\u2019Ouganda. Les peines pr\u00e9vues peuvent aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20 ans de prison dans certains cas.<\/p>\n

Un texte qui inqui\u00e8te bien au-del\u00e0 du Parlement<\/h2>\n

Le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au Parlement le 15 avril 2026 par David Muhoozi, ministre d\u2019\u00c9tat charg\u00e9 des Affaires int\u00e9rieures. Depuis, il d\u00e9clenche une vive contestation. Des organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits, des juristes, des journalistes, des acteurs \u00e9conomiques et des membres de la diaspora redoutent une loi trop large, capable de viser des voix critiques sous couvert de protection nationale.<\/p>\n

Le texte initial contenait une disposition particuli\u00e8rement sensible : les Ougandais vivant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger pouvaient \u00eatre class\u00e9s parmi les \u00ab \u00e9trangers \u00bb. Une formulation qui a choqu\u00e9, car des milliers de familles d\u00e9pendent des transferts d\u2019argent envoy\u00e9s depuis l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Face aux critiques, le gouvernement a propos\u00e9 de retirer cette clause.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres passages ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 revus. La d\u00e9finition d\u2019\u00ab agent d\u2019un \u00e9tranger \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 resserr\u00e9e pour viser la participation directe \u00e0 certaines activit\u00e9s interdites, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un simple lien de financement ou d\u2019association. Le gouvernement affirme ainsi vouloir \u00e9viter que des partenariats, des emplois ou des fonds l\u00e9gitimes soient criminalis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20 ans de prison dans certains cas<\/h2>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces retouches, l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude reste forte. Le projet pr\u00e9voit toujours de sanctionner des activit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme favorables \u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9trangers contre ceux de l\u2019Ouganda. Les cas les plus graves peuvent entra\u00eener jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20 ans de prison, une amende, ou les deux.<\/p>\n

Les critiques craignent surtout que des termes trop vagues soient utilis\u00e9s contre des opposants, des militants, des journalistes ou des associations. Dans un pays o\u00f9 la vie politique est d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s tendue, cette loi pourrait devenir un outil de pression suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9bat est d\u2019autant plus sensible que le pr\u00e9sident Yoweri Museveni est au pouvoir depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies. AfrikMag avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les ambitions politiques du chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat ougandais dans un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article sur son septi\u00e8me mandat<\/a>. Pour ses partisans, la nouvelle loi est une mani\u00e8re de prot\u00e9ger le pays contre les ing\u00e9rences ext\u00e9rieures. Pour ses adversaires, elle ouvre plut\u00f4t la porte \u00e0 une surveillance renforc\u00e9e de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile.<\/p>\n

La diaspora et les investisseurs dans le doute<\/h2>\n

Le volet \u00e9conomique du texte a aussi alarm\u00e9 le secteur priv\u00e9. Des responsables financiers ont mis en garde contre un possible recul des flux d\u2019argent vers l\u2019Ouganda si les r\u00e8gles deviennent trop floues ou trop lourdes. Les transferts de la diaspora, les financements d\u2019ONG, les investissements et les partenariats internationaux pourraient \u00eatre touch\u00e9s par un climat de m\u00e9fiance.<\/p>\n

Yoweri Museveni a tent\u00e9 d\u2019apaiser la pol\u00e9mique. Il a d\u00e9fendu le principe d\u2019une loi destin\u00e9e \u00e0 emp\u00eacher des groupes financ\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9tranger d\u2019influencer les d\u00e9cisions nationales, tout en affirmant que le texte ne devait pas bloquer les investissements, les transferts de fonds ou le soutien aux institutions religieuses.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement pr\u00e9sente donc une version corrig\u00e9e, mais le malaise n\u2019a pas disparu. Beaucoup veulent savoir comment la loi sera appliqu\u00e9e si elle est adopt\u00e9e. La grande question reste simple : prot\u00e9ger la souverainet\u00e9, oui, mais jusqu\u2019o\u00f9 ?<\/p>\n

En Ouganda, ce d\u00e9bat d\u00e9passe la seule politique. Il touche \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, au r\u00f4le de la diaspora, \u00e0 l\u2019argent venu de l\u2019\u00e9tranger et \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des citoyens \u00e0 critiquer le pouvoir sans \u00eatre trait\u00e9s comme des relais d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats ext\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En Ouganda, le projet de loi sur la protection de la souverainet\u00e9 inqui\u00e8te ONG, m\u00e9dias, diaspora et acteurs \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":381099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,195117,197],"tags":[203978,203979,15576,34,15782,18533,11469],"class_list":["post-381098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-international","category-politique","tag-agents-etrangers","tag-diaspora-ougandaise","tag-droits-humains","tag-ouganda","tag-politique-africaine","tag-societe-civile","tag-yoweri-museveni"],"yoast_head":"\nOuganda : la loi des agents \u00e9trangers secoue le pays<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ouganda : la loi sur les agents \u00e9trangers inqui\u00e8te ONG, diaspora et m\u00e9dias. 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