{"id":375504,"date":"2025-10-17T16:26:46","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T16:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=375504"},"modified":"2025-10-18T20:35:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T20:35:40","slug":"scientifiques-developpent-nouveau-test-sanguin-detecte-plus-50-types-cancer-stade-precoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/scientifiques-developpent-nouveau-test-sanguin-detecte-plus-50-types-cancer-stade-precoce\/","title":{"rendered":"Des scientifiques d\u00e9veloppent un nouveau test sanguin qui d\u00e9tecte plus de 50 types de cancer \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Un test sanguin r\u00e9volutionnaire, capable de d\u00e9tecter plus de 50 types de cancer, a montr\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats prometteurs lors d’essais cliniques, identifiant correctement la maladie dans pr\u00e8s des deux tiers des cas d\u00e9tect\u00e9s. Ce test, baptis\u00e9 Galleri, est actuellement \u00e9valu\u00e9 par le NHS comme outil potentiel de d\u00e9pistage annuel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le test Galleri d\u00e9tecte les fragments d’ADN lib\u00e9r\u00e9s par les cellules canc\u00e9reuses dans la circulation sanguine, permettant ainsi d’identifier le cancer avant l’apparition des sympt\u00f4mes. Lors d’un important essai am\u00e9ricain appel\u00e9 Pathfinder 2, ce test a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 d’excellentes performances, tant pour exclure le cancer chez les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9 que pour d\u00e9tecter la maladie \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce et plus traitable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi les participants dont le sang pr\u00e9sentait un \u00ab\u00a0signal canc\u00e9reux\u00a0\u00bb, 61,6\u00a0% ont ult\u00e9rieurement \u00e9t\u00e9 diagnostiqu\u00e9s comme atteints d’un cancer. Plus impressionnant encore, le test a identifi\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9cision l’organe ou le tissu d’origine dans 92\u00a0% des cas<\/span><\/span>\u00a0; une avanc\u00e9e qui, selon les chercheurs, pourrait permettre de gagner un temps pr\u00e9cieux et de gagner des ressources pour le diagnostic.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous sommes vraiment tr\u00e8s enthousiastes et nous pensons qu’il s’agit d’une nouvelle \u00e9tape dans la transformation des r\u00e9sultats du cancer \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Sir Harpal Kumar, pr\u00e9sident des affaires internationales et de la biopharmacie chez Grail, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine de Galleri, et ancien directeur de Cancer Research UK.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats de l’essai ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que plus de la moiti\u00e9 (53,5 %) des cancers d\u00e9tect\u00e9s \u00e9taient de stade I ou II, tandis que pr\u00e8s de 70 % l’\u00e9taient avant le stade IV. De plus, le test a correctement exclu le cancer chez 99,6 % des personnes non atteintes, minimisant ainsi les faux positifs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sir Harpal a expliqu\u00e9 que l’\u00e9tude Pathfinder 2 visait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer le test en conditions r\u00e9elles. \u00ab Nous souhaitions \u00e9valuer la valeur ajout\u00e9e du test par rapport aux d\u00e9pistages existants. L’un des r\u00e9sultats les plus importants et les plus prometteurs est qu’il a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 sept fois plus de cancers que les autres programmes de d\u00e9pistage r\u00e9unis \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’essai a impliqu\u00e9 plus de 23 000 participants des \u00c9tats-Unis et du Canada qui ne pr\u00e9sentaient aucun sympt\u00f4me de cancer, et les r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s au congr\u00e8s de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne d’oncologie m\u00e9dicale (ESMO) \u00e0 Berlin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un essai clinique du NHS Galleri est actuellement en cours, dont les r\u00e9sultats sont attendus l’ann\u00e9e prochaine. Selon Sir Harpal, en cas de succ\u00e8s, il pourrait permettre aux m\u00e9decins de d\u00e9tecter le cancer beaucoup plus t\u00f4t, notamment pour les cancers du pancr\u00e9as, du foie, de l’ovaire et de la t\u00eate et du cou pour lesquels il n’existe actuellement aucune m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9pistage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Si nous obtenons des r\u00e9sultats positifs du NHS Galleri, la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tecter un nombre nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de cancers avant leur apparition clinique devrait nous permettre d’en d\u00e9tecter un nombre beaucoup plus important \u00e0 un stade plus pr\u00e9coce \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9. \u00ab Cela ouvre la possibilit\u00e9 de recourir \u00e0 des traitements plus efficaces et, dans de nombreux cas, \u00e0 des traitements curatifs. Cela devrait avoir un impact significatif sur l’\u00e9volution du cancer. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 que la capacit\u00e9 du test \u00e0 identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l’organe affect\u00e9 rend le diagnostic plus rapide et plus efficace. \u00ab Si une personne pr\u00e9sente des douleurs abdominales, on peut se demander s’il s’agit d’un cancer de l’ovaire, du pancr\u00e9as, du c\u00f4lon ou m\u00eame d’un cancer. Si nous pouvons aider les cliniciens \u00e0 orienter ces investigations, nous pourrons optimiser nos capacit\u00e9s diagnostiques, pourtant tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es \u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les experts sugg\u00e8rent que le test Galleri pourrait \u00eatre plus efficace en tant que test annuel chez les personnes de 50 ans et plus, lorsque le risque de cancer augmente. \u00ab Notre analyse sugg\u00e8re qu’il sera plus rentable \u00e0 partir de 50 ans \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Sir Harpal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Josh Ofman, pr\u00e9sident de Grail, a qualifi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d’\u00ab extr\u00eamement convaincants \u00bb, notant qu’\u00ab environ les trois quarts des cancers d\u00e9tect\u00e9s par Galleri ne font pas l’objet de tests de d\u00e9pistage recommand\u00e9s aujourd’hui \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, certains scientifiques ont appel\u00e9 \u00e0 la prudence. La professeure Anna Schuh, de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Oxford, a soulign\u00e9 que le test n’\u00e9tait pas encore parfait\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 du temps, le test se trompe lorsqu’il annonce un r\u00e9sultat positif. C’est d\u00e9cevant, car ce n’est qu’un tout petit peu mieux que de jouer \u00e0 pile ou face.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La professeure Clare Turnbull, de l’Institut de recherche sur le cancer de Londres, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que des donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires \u00e9taient n\u00e9cessaires pour confirmer si le test r\u00e9duisait la mortalit\u00e9. Le professeur Nitzan Rosenfeld, du Barts Cancer Institute, a qualifi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d’\u00ab impressionnants \u00bb et a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la pr\u00e9cision de 62 % \u00e9tait \u00ab tr\u00e8s encourageante \u00bb, tout en soulignant que la sensibilit\u00e9 varie selon les types de cancer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat, les chercheurs conviennent que le test Galleri pourrait marquer une avanc\u00e9e significative dans la d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce du cancer, offrant l\u2019espoir que davantage de cancers pourraient bient\u00f4t \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9s et trait\u00e9s avant qu\u2019ils ne mettent la vie en danger.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un test sanguin r\u00e9volutionnaire, capable de d\u00e9tecter plus de 50 types de cancer, a montr\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats prometteurs lors d’essais cliniques, identifiant correctement la maladie dans pr\u00e8s des deux tiers des cas d\u00e9tect\u00e9s. Ce test, baptis\u00e9 Galleri, est actuellement \u00e9valu\u00e9 par le NHS comme outil potentiel de d\u00e9pistage annuel. Le test Galleri d\u00e9tecte les fragments …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":375505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,7020],"tags":[19437,1987,202576,202577],"class_list":["post-375504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-societe","tag-groupe-sanguin","tag-scientifiques","tag-tests-sanguins","tag-types-de-cancer"],"yoast_head":"\nDes scientifiques d\u00e9veloppent un nouveau test sanguin qui d\u00e9tecte plus de 50 types de cancer \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des scientifiques d\u00e9veloppent un nouveau test sanguin qui d\u00e9tecte plus de 50 types de cancer \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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