{"id":375146,"date":"2025-09-24T10:15:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T10:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=375146"},"modified":"2025-09-24T10:15:47","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T10:15:47","slug":"10-langues-africaines-populaires-menacees-declin-chez-jeunes-generations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/10-langues-africaines-populaires-menacees-declin-chez-jeunes-generations\/","title":{"rendered":"10 langues africaines populaires menac\u00e9es de d\u00e9clin chez les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L’Afrique abrite environ 2\u00a0000 des 6\u00a0000 langues du monde, ce qui en fait le continent le plus diversifi\u00e9 linguistiquement au monde. Cependant, nombre de ces langues, dont certaines sont parmi les plus parl\u00e9es, sont aujourd’hui menac\u00e9es de d\u00e9clin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ces langues sont plus que de simples outils de communication ; elles incarnent la culture, l\u2019identit\u00e9 et le savoir historique, pr\u00e9servant la m\u00e9moire collective et les traditions des communaut\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Malgr\u00e9 leur importance, les langues maternelles africaines sont de plus en plus \u00e9clips\u00e9es par des langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res dominantes telles que l\u2019anglais, le fran\u00e7ais, l\u2019arabe, le portugais et, plus r\u00e9cemment, le mandarin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Selon l’\u00a0<\/span>Atlas de l’UNESCO,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0environ 2\u00a0500 langues sont actuellement menac\u00e9es dans le monde, soit environ\u00a0<\/span>43\u00a0%<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0de toutes les langues. L’Afrique compte une part importante de ces langues menac\u00e9es, et les projections sugg\u00e8rent que jusqu’\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>10\u00a0%<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0pourraient dispara\u00eetre au cours du si\u00e8cle prochain.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les Nations Unies classent les langues en danger sur une \u00e9chelle allant de \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>vuln\u00e9rables<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>en danger critique d\u2019extinction<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb, selon qu\u2019elles sont encore transmises aux jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Langues menac\u00e9es en Afrique<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Au Nig\u00e9ria, des langues importantes comme l\u2019igbo, le yor\u00f9b\u00e1 et l\u2019ishekiri sont en d\u00e9clin progressif, tandis que le pidgin nig\u00e9rian et d\u2019autres dialectes ethniques sont de plus en plus marginalis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Une tendance similaire est visible en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, de l\u2019Est et du Sud, en particulier en Afrique du Sud, en \u00c9thiopie, en Ouganda, au Cameroun, au Mozambique, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et en Zambie, o\u00f9 les langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res ou nationales dominantes remplacent les langues maternelles dans les foyers, les \u00e9coles et les villes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En 2013, plus de huit langues du Kenya \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 class\u00e9es comme menac\u00e9es, certaines \u00e9tant d\u00e9clar\u00e9es \u00e9teintes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Langues menac\u00e9es<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Plusieurs langues africaines largement parl\u00e9es sont class\u00e9es comme vuln\u00e9rables ou en voie de disparition, notamment :<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rang<\/span><\/th>\nLangues<\/span><\/th>\nR\u00e9gion ou pays<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\nIgbo<\/th>\nNigeria (sud-est)<\/td>\nDes dizaines de millions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nYor\u00f9b\u00e1<\/th>\nNigeria, B\u00e9nin, Togo<\/td>\nPlus de 50 millions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nFulfulde \/ Fulani<\/th>\nWest and Central Africa<\/td>\nmoins de 40 millions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nIshekiri<\/th>\nNigeria<\/td>\nLangue minoritaire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nGa<\/th>\nGhana (Accra et ses environs)<\/td>\nLimit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nShona<\/th>\nZimbabwe, Mozambique<\/td>\nMillions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nWolof<\/th>\nS\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Gambie, Mauritanie<\/td>\nMillions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nKikuyu<\/th>\nKenya<\/td>\nMillions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nChichewa \/ Chewa<\/th>\nMalawi, Zambie<\/td>\nMillions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nTswana<\/th>\nBotswana, Afrique du sud, Namibie<\/td>\nMillions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Afrique abrite environ 2\u00a0000 des 6\u00a0000 langues du monde, ce qui en fait le continent le plus diversifi\u00e9 linguistiquement au monde. Cependant, nombre de ces langues, dont certaines sont parmi les plus parl\u00e9es, sont aujourd’hui menac\u00e9es de d\u00e9clin. Ces langues sont plus que de simples outils de communication ; elles incarnent la culture, l\u2019identit\u00e9 et …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":375147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,7020],"tags":[8751,16670,199269],"class_list":["post-375146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-societe","tag-afrique","tag-declin","tag-langues-parlees"],"yoast_head":"\n10 langues africaines populaires menac\u00e9es de d\u00e9clin chez les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'Afrique abrite environ 2\u00a0000 des 6\u00a0000 langues du monde, ce qui en fait le continent le plus diversifi\u00e9 linguistiquement au monde.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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