{"id":374990,"date":"2025-09-18T07:55:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T07:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=374990"},"modified":"2025-09-18T07:55:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T07:55:00","slug":"des-scientifiques-entrainent-un-modele-dia-a-predire-de-futures-maladies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/des-scientifiques-entrainent-un-modele-dia-a-predire-de-futures-maladies\/","title":{"rendered":"Des scientifiques entra\u00eenent un mod\u00e8le d’IA \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire de futures maladies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques ont annonc\u00e9 mercredi 17 septembre avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le d’intelligence artificielle capable de pr\u00e9dire des diagnostics m\u00e9dicaux plusieurs ann\u00e9es \u00e0 l’avance, utilisant la m\u00eame technologie fondamentale qui alimente les chatbots grand public comme ChatGPT.
\n<\/span>Le nouveau syst\u00e8me, nomm\u00e9 Delphi-2M, peut pr\u00e9voir \u00ab le taux de risque de plus de 1 000 maladies \u00bb bien avant leur apparition en analysant les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents m\u00e9dicaux d’un patient, selon un article publi\u00e9 dans la revue Nature par des chercheurs d’institutions britanniques, danoises, allemandes et suisses.<\/p>\n

Le mod\u00e8le a \u00e9t\u00e9 entra\u00een\u00e9 \u00e0 l’aide de donn\u00e9es de la UK Biobank, un vaste projet de recherche biom\u00e9dicale contenant des informations sanitaires et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur environ un demi-million de participants.
\n<\/span>Delphi-2M repose sur des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux utilisant l’architecture de transformateur, le \u00ab T \u00bb de \u00ab ChatGPT \u00bb, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement utilis\u00e9 pour des t\u00e2ches linguistiques, y compris les chatbots g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs. Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que d\u00e9chiffrer des dossiers m\u00e9dicaux n’est pas sans rappeler l’apprentissage de la grammaire d’une langue.
\n<\/span>\u00ab Comprendre une s\u00e9quence de diagnostics m\u00e9dicaux, c’est un peu comme apprendre la grammaire d’un texte \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Moritz Gerstung, expert en IA au Centre allemand de recherche sur le cancer. <\/span><\/p>\n

Delphi-2M, a-t-il dit, \u00ab apprend les mod\u00e8les dans les donn\u00e9es de soins de sant\u00e9, les diagnostics pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, dans quelles combinaisons ils se produisent et dans quelle succession, permettant des pr\u00e9dictions tr\u00e8s significatives et pertinentes pour la sant\u00e9 \u00bb.
\n<\/span>Des graphiques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par Gerstung ont montr\u00e9 que l’IA pouvait identifier des individus avec un risque d’infarctus significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 ou plus faible que ce qui serait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9dit sur la base de l’\u00e2ge ou d’autres facteurs conventionnels.
\n<\/span>Pour v\u00e9rifier la pr\u00e9cision du mod\u00e8le, l’\u00e9quipe a test\u00e9 Delphi-2M sur des donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de deux millions de personnes contenues dans la base de donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 publique du Danemark. Les r\u00e9sultats ont confirm\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s pr\u00e9dictives du syst\u00e8me. Cependant, les chercheurs ont averti que Delphi-2M n’est pas encore pr\u00eat pour un usage clinique. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous sommes encore loin d’une am\u00e9lioration des soins de sant\u00e9 \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Gerstung, soulignant que les ensembles de donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9s jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, provenant de la Grande-Bretagne et du Danemark, sont biais\u00e9s en termes d’\u00e2ge, d’origine ethnique et de r\u00e9sultats de sant\u00e9.
\n<\/span>Peter Bannister, chercheur en technologies de la sant\u00e9 et membre de l’Institution of Engineering and Technology britannique, a \u00e9galement averti que les limitations des donn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre prises en compte. N\u00e9anmoins, il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que ces travaux repr\u00e9sentent une avanc\u00e9e dans l’utilisation de l’IA pour la m\u00e9decine pr\u00e9ventive.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’avenir, a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 Gerstung, des syst\u00e8mes comme Delphi-2M pourraient guider la surveillance des patients et permettre des interventions plus pr\u00e9coces, faisant ainsi progresser efficacement les soins pr\u00e9ventifs.
\n<\/span>\u00c0 plus grande \u00e9chelle, Tom Fitzgerald, co-auteur de l’\u00e9tude et membre du Laboratoire europ\u00e9en de biologie mol\u00e9culaire, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que de tels outils pourraient contribuer \u00e0 \u00ab l’optimisation des ressources dans un syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 sous tension \u00bb.
\n<\/span>Les m\u00e9decins de nombreux pays s’appuient d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur des outils informatiques pour pr\u00e9dire les risques de maladies, comme QRISK3, qui aide les m\u00e9decins g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes britanniques \u00e0 estimer la probabilit\u00e9 d’un infarctus ou d’un AVC. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mais le co-auteur Ewan Birney a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que Delphi-2M repr\u00e9sente un bond en avant significatif car il \u00ab peut traiter toutes les maladies simultan\u00e9ment et sur une longue p\u00e9riode \u00bb. <\/span>Gustavo Sudre, professeur au King’s College London sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en IA m\u00e9dicale, a d\u00e9crit ces travaux comme \u00ab une \u00e9tape importante vers une mod\u00e9lisation pr\u00e9dictive \u00e9volutive, interpr\u00e9table et, surtout, \u00e9thiquement responsable \u00bb.
\n<\/span>Il a not\u00e9 que l’un des principaux d\u00e9fis de la recherche en IA est l’explicabilit\u00e9, car les processus d\u00e9cisionnels internes des grands mod\u00e8les d’IA restent souvent opaques, m\u00eame pour leurs cr\u00e9ateurs. Le projet Delphi-2M, a-t-il dit, montre des promesses pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette pr\u00e9occupation tout en ouvrant de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s pour l’innovation \u00e0 long terme dans les soins de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques ont annonc\u00e9 mercredi 17 septembre avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le d’intelligence artificielle capable de pr\u00e9dire des diagnostics m\u00e9dicaux plusieurs ann\u00e9es \u00e0 l’avance, utilisant la m\u00eame technologie fondamentale qui alimente les chatbots grand public comme ChatGPT. Le nouveau syst\u00e8me, nomm\u00e9 Delphi-2M, peut pr\u00e9voir \u00ab le taux de risque de plus de 1 000 maladies \u00bb …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":374991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,7020],"tags":[156592,14640,8658,1987],"class_list":["post-374990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-societe","tag-ia","tag-intelligence-artificielle","tag-maladies","tag-scientifiques"],"yoast_head":"\nDes scientifiques entra\u00eenent un mod\u00e8le d'IA \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire de futures maladies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des scientifiques ont annonc\u00e9 mercredi avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le d'intelligence artificielle capable de pr\u00e9dire des diagnostics m\u00e9dicaux\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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