{"id":374881,"date":"2025-09-10T22:43:38","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T22:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=374881"},"modified":"2025-09-10T22:43:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T22:43:38","slug":"legypte-affirme-nouveau-mega-barrage-ethiopien-constitue-menace-securite-hydrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/legypte-affirme-nouveau-mega-barrage-ethiopien-constitue-menace-securite-hydrique\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00c9gypte affirme que le nouveau m\u00e9ga-barrage \u00e9thiopien constitue une menace pour sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 hydrique"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Un jour apr\u00e8s\u00a0<\/span>l\u2019inauguration par l\u2019\u00c9thiopie du Grand barrage de la Renaissance \u00e9thiopienne (GERD)<\/span> , l\u2019\u00c9gypte a renouvel\u00e9 ses avertissements selon lesquels le projet repr\u00e9sente une menace s\u00e9rieuse pour sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 hydrique.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Le barrage de 5 milliards de dollars, construit sur le Nil Bleu, est le plus grand projet hydro\u00e9lectrique d’Afrique et devrait plus que doubler la capacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l’\u00c9thiopie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mais Le Caire s\u2019y oppose depuis longtemps, d\u00e9crivant le barrage comme un danger direct pour les moyens de subsistance de plus de 100 millions d\u2019\u00c9gyptiens qui d\u00e9pendent du Nil pour presque tous leurs besoins en eau douce.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La position de l’\u00c9gypte<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Pour l’\u00c9gypte, le Nil est plus qu’un fleuve\u00a0; c’est la source de vie du pays. Pr\u00e8s de 95\u00a0% de sa population vit le long de la vall\u00e9e et du delta du Nil, et le fleuve fournit l’eau n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’agriculture, \u00e0 la consommation et \u00e0 l’industrie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Toute perturbation significative du flux pourrait avoir des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9vastatrices sur l’approvisionnement alimentaire et la vie quotidienne. C’est pourquoi les dirigeants \u00e9gyptiens ont qualifi\u00e9 le GERD de \u00ab menace existentielle \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les responsables du Caire affirment que l’\u00c9thiopie a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 remplir l’immense r\u00e9servoir du barrage sans consultation appropri\u00e9e ni accord juridiquement contraignant.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le minist\u00e8re \u00e9gyptien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res insiste sur le\u00a0<\/span>fait que cette situation constitue une violation du droit international<\/span>\u00a0, invoquant des trait\u00e9s de longue date qui accordaient \u00e0 l’\u00c9gypte des droits particuliers sur le Nil. Parmi ceux-ci figurent le trait\u00e9 anglo-\u00e9gyptien de 1929 et l’accord sur les eaux du Nil de 1959, qui accordaient \u00e0 l’\u00c9gypte et au Soudan une part pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante du d\u00e9bit du fleuve.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u2019anciens membres de l\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9gyptienne ont \u00e9galement tir\u00e9 la sonnette d\u2019alarme.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mohamed Mohey el-Deen, ancien membre de l’\u00e9quipe \u00e9gyptienne charg\u00e9e d’\u00e9valuer l’impact du GERD, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aux journalistes que le GERD ne concerne pas seulement l’eau mais aussi la stabilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab Une baisse importante de l’offre menace la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure de l’\u00c9gypte. Les enjeux sont \u00e9conomiques, politiques et profond\u00e9ment sociaux \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le pr\u00e9sident Abdel Fattah al-Sisi a r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 que l’\u00c9gypte d\u00e9fendra ses droits sur le Nil.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Au fil des ans,\u00a0<\/span>Le Caire a port\u00e9 la question devant le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU<\/span> , a fait appel \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s internationaux et a travaill\u00e9 avec la Ligue arabe pour accro\u00eetre la pression sur l\u2019\u00c9thiopie.<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u2019\u00c9gypte affirme \u00e9galement qu\u2019elle se r\u00e9serve le droit d\u2019utiliser \u00ab tous les moyens disponibles \u00bb pour prot\u00e9ger ses int\u00e9r\u00eats en mati\u00e8re d\u2019eau, m\u00eame si elle a jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent \u00e9vit\u00e9 toute confrontation directe.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Malgr\u00e9 plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie de n\u00e9gociations, aucun accord n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 sur la mani\u00e8re dont le barrage devrait \u00eatre rempli et exploit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les n\u00e9gociations\u00a0<\/span>men\u00e9es sous la m\u00e9diation des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/span>\u00a0, de la Russie, des \u00c9mirats arabes unis et de l\u2019Union africaine sont toutes au point mort.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u2019\u00c9thiopie soutient qu\u2019elle a le droit d\u2019utiliser ses propres ressources pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 et d\u00e9velopper son \u00e9conomie, tandis que l\u2019\u00c9gypte insiste sur la garantie que son approvisionnement en eau ne sera pas endommag\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’Union africaine a tent\u00e9 une m\u00e9diation ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, mais ses efforts n’ont pas abouti \u00e0 une avanc\u00e9e d\u00e9cisive. Selon les observateurs, la question fondamentale reste la confiance et, sans compromis, le conflit risque de s’\u00e9terniser pendant des ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La r\u00e9ponse de l’\u00c9thiopie<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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L\u2019\u00c9thiopie a toujours d\u00e9fendu le GERD comme un\u00a0<\/span>symbole de fiert\u00e9 nationale et de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le Premier ministre Abiy Ahmed a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors de l’investiture que le projet ne porterait jamais pr\u00e9judice aux pays en aval.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab L\u2019\u00c9thiopie n\u2019a aucune intention de nuire \u00e0 qui que ce soit et souhaite que le barrage soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un atout r\u00e9gional plut\u00f4t que comme une menace r\u00e9gionale \u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Addis-Abeba soutient que le barrage est essentiel pour sortir des millions d\u2019\u00c9thiopiens de la pauvret\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le gouvernement affirme que le GERD changera cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 en doublant la capacit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique nationale, en stimulant les industries et en fournissant des exportations d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 des voisins tels que le Kenya, le Soudan du Sud et la Tanzanie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’\u00c9thiopie ne vous privera jamais de votre juste part. La faim de nos fr\u00e8res d’\u00c9gypte et du Soudan est aussi la n\u00f4tre. Nous devons partager et grandir ensemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u2019\u00c9thiopie souligne \u00e9galement que plus de 90 % du financement du projet provient de son propre peuple, par le biais de contributions de l\u2019\u00c9tat, de dons de la diaspora et de ventes d\u2019obligations.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pour de nombreux \u00c9thiopiens, le barrage est une question de souverainet\u00e9 et la preuve que le pays peut poursuivre son d\u00e9veloppement selon ses propres conditions, sans d\u00e9pendre de donateurs ou de pr\u00eateurs \u00e9trangers.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un jour apr\u00e8s\u00a0l\u2019inauguration par l\u2019\u00c9thiopie du Grand barrage de la Renaissance \u00e9thiopienne (GERD) , l\u2019\u00c9gypte a renouvel\u00e9 ses avertissements selon lesquels le projet repr\u00e9sente une menace s\u00e9rieuse pour sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 hydrique. Le barrage de 5 milliards de dollars, construit sur le Nil Bleu, est le plus grand projet hydro\u00e9lectrique d’Afrique et devrait plus que doubler …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":374882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,7020],"tags":[156644,202391],"class_list":["post-374881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-societe","tag-barrage-hydroelectrique","tag-grand-barrage-dethiopie"],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00c9gypte affirme que le nouveau m\u00e9ga-barrage \u00e9thiopien constitue une menace pour sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 hydrique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le pr\u00e9sident Abdel Fattah al-Sisi a r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 que l'\u00c9gypte d\u00e9fendra ses droits sur le Nil.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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