{"id":371360,"date":"2025-02-07T16:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-02-07T16:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=371360"},"modified":"2025-02-07T16:05:26","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T16:05:26","slug":"classement-des-5-villes-les-plus-polluees-dafrique-selon-iqair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/classement-des-5-villes-les-plus-polluees-dafrique-selon-iqair\/","title":{"rendered":"Le classement des 5 villes les plus pollu\u00e9es d’Afrique selon IQAir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La pollution dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions, et en Afrique plus particuli\u00e8rement, entra\u00eene des probl\u00e8mes complexes qui vont au-del\u00e0 des pr\u00e9occupations environnementales, affectant \u00e0 la fois la sant\u00e9 publique et la productivit\u00e9 globale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les villes africaines qui connaissent des niveaux de pollution \u00e9lev\u00e9s ont souvent une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre moins productive en raison de maladies respiratoires et d\u2019un syst\u00e8me immunitaire affaibli caus\u00e9s par une exposition prolong\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019air pollu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cette augmentation des absences au travail pour des raisons de sant\u00e9 nuit \u00e0 des secteurs \u00e9conomiques cl\u00e9s comme l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les villes africaines, dont Dakar (S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), Accra (Ghana) et Kampala (Ouganda), arrivent en t\u00eate du classement en mati\u00e8re de pollution.<\/p>\n

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La qualit\u00e9 de l’air \u00e0 Dakar se d\u00e9t\u00e9riore en raison de la poussi\u00e8re saharienne provenant de l’harmattan et de l’augmentation des \u00e9missions des v\u00e9hicules et de l’industrie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Au Ghana, la pollution est due \u00e0 la cuisson au bois et au charbon de bois, aux transports, \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture sur br\u00fblis, \u00e0 l\u2019incin\u00e9ration des d\u00e9chets, \u00e0 la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie, aux incendies et \u00e0 l\u2019industrie. Un\u00a0<\/span>rapport<\/span>\u00a0r\u00e9v\u00e8le \u00e9galement que les habitants de Kampala inhalent une pollution \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celle qu\u2019ils inhalent en fumant 712 cigarettes par an.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (\u00a0<\/span>OMS<\/span>\u00a0) rapporte que 2,4 milliards de personnes sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une pollution atmosph\u00e9rique domestique dangereuse due \u00e0 des combustibles polluants comme le k\u00e9ros\u00e8ne, la biomasse et le charbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la pollution ambiante, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne contribue \u00e0 7 millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9nergie plus propre et de contr\u00f4les de pollution plus stricts.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La mauvaise qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, r\u00e9sultant des \u00e9missions des v\u00e9hicules, de la pollution industrielle et de la combustion de biomasse, provoque des maladies respiratoires, des probl\u00e8mes cardiovasculaires et d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, obligeant de nombreux travailleurs \u00e0 prendre des cong\u00e9s de maladie ou r\u00e9duisant leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler \u00e0 pleine capacit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c0 mesure que les niveaux de pollution augmentent, les risques sanitaires associ\u00e9s deviennent plus graves, en particulier pour les personnes vuln\u00e9rables et celles souffrant de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9existants.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cela affaiblit non seulement les performances \u00e9conomiques, mais exerce \u00e9galement une forte pression sur les syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’indice de pollution de l’air IQ<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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Le rapport IQAir Live sur les grandes villes\u00a0<\/span>suit<\/span>\u00a0la qualit\u00e9 de l’air dans environ 120 grandes villes du monde, en les classant par indice de qualit\u00e9 de l’air (AQI).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’indice de qualit\u00e9 de l’air mesure la qualit\u00e9 de l’air et met en \u00e9vidence les risques sanitaires \u00e0 court terme li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’exposition. L’indice de qualit\u00e9 de l’air de chaque ville repr\u00e9sente la valeur m\u00e9diane de toutes les stations de surveillance \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le classement est mis \u00e0 jour au moins une fois par heure pour refl\u00e9ter l\u2019\u00e9volution des conditions de qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Selon le rapport en direct sur le suivi de la qualit\u00e9 de l’air dans diff\u00e9rentes villes, l’indice classe les niveaux de pollution de l’air comme suit : les valeurs comprises entre\u00a0<\/span>0 et 50<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0indiquent une bonne qualit\u00e9 de l’air,\u00a0<\/span>51 \u00e0 100<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0repr\u00e9sentent une pollution de l’air mod\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les valeurs de 101 \u00e0 150<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0indiquent un air malsain pour les groupes sensibles,\u00a0<\/span>de 151 \u00e0 200<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0indiquent un air malsain pour la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale,\u00a0<\/span>de 201 \u00e0 300<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0refl\u00e8tent des conditions tr\u00e8s malsaines et les valeurs\u00a0<\/span>de 301 et plus<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0repr\u00e9sentent des niveaux de pollution dangereux.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Selon le suivi en direct d’IQAir, les pays africains suivants avaient l’air le plus pollu\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Num\u00e9ro de s\u00e9rie<\/span><\/th>\nVille<\/span><\/th>\nIQA<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\nDakar, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/span><\/td>\n180<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\nAccra, Ghana<\/span><\/td>\n117<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/span><\/td>\nKampala, Ouganda<\/span><\/td>\n77<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/span><\/td>\nLe Caire, \u00c9gypte<\/span><\/td>\n66<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\nAddis-Abeba, \u00c9thiopie<\/span><\/td>\n52<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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Parmi les villes surveill\u00e9es, Dakar, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, a enregistr\u00e9 l\u2019indice IQA le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, soit 180, ce qui la classe comme \u00e9tant insalubre et pr\u00e9sentant des risques pour les groupes vuln\u00e9rables.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Accra, au Ghana, suit avec 117, ce qui indique un air malsain pour les personnes sensibles, probablement en raison du trafic, des \u00e9missions industrielles et de l’incin\u00e9ration des d\u00e9chets.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kampala, en Ouganda, avait un IQA mod\u00e9r\u00e9 de 77, tandis que Le Caire, en \u00c9gypte (66) et Addis-Abeba, en \u00c9thiopie (52), se situaient \u00e9galement dans la fourchette mod\u00e9r\u00e9e, affect\u00e9es par les \u00e9missions des v\u00e9hicules et les activit\u00e9s industrielles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Plus bas dans le classement, Nairobi, au Kenya (48), et Alger, en Alg\u00e9rie (47), avaient une qualit\u00e9 de l’air proche du seuil \u00ab bon \u00bb mais n\u00e9cessitaient n\u00e9anmoins une surveillance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Johannesburg, en Afrique du Sud (44), avait l\u2019indice de qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air le plus bas parmi les villes, ce qui sugg\u00e8re une qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air relativement meilleure.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les donn\u00e9es mettent en \u00e9vidence les probl\u00e8mes actuels de pollution de l\u2019air dans les villes africaines, provoqu\u00e9s par l\u2019urbanisation et l\u2019industrialisation, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de politiques durables et de mesures de contr\u00f4le de la pollution pour prot\u00e9ger la sant\u00e9 publique.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La pollution dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions, et en Afrique plus particuli\u00e8rement, entra\u00eene des probl\u00e8mes complexes qui vont au-del\u00e0 des pr\u00e9occupations environnementales, affectant \u00e0 la fois la sant\u00e9 publique et la productivit\u00e9 globale. Les villes africaines qui connaissent des niveaux de pollution \u00e9lev\u00e9s ont souvent une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre moins productive en raison de maladies respiratoires et d\u2019un …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":371361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,47,7020],"tags":[201403,201404],"class_list":["post-371360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-afrique","category-societe","tag-5-villes-les-plus-polluees-dafrique","tag-afrique-et-pollution"],"yoast_head":"\nLe classement des 5 villes les plus pollu\u00e9es d'Afrique selon IQAir<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les villes africaines qui connaissent des niveaux de pollution \u00e9lev\u00e9s ont souvent une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre moins productive en raison de maladies respiratoires et d\u2019un syst\u00e8me 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