{"id":370664,"date":"2025-01-02T14:36:58","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T14:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=370664"},"modified":"2025-01-02T14:36:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T14:36:58","slug":"russie-perd-source-de-revenus-de-plusieurs-milliards-de-dollars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/russie-perd-source-de-revenus-de-plusieurs-milliards-de-dollars\/","title":{"rendered":"La Russie perd une source de revenus de plusieurs milliards de dollars"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Russie n’est plus en mesure d’envoyer du gaz naturel vers l’Europe via les gazoducs ukrainiens apr\u00e8s l’expiration mercredi d’un accord de cinq ans, conclu avant le d\u00e9but de la guerre.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cela marque la fin d\u2019un accord de longue date qui utilisait l\u2019Ukraine comme canal pour\u00a0<\/span>le gaz russe<\/span>\u00a0vers l\u2019ouest \u2013 un accord qui s\u2019est poursuivi m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019une guerre \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle a \u00e9clat\u00e9 en 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les pays europ\u00e9ens qui recevaient ce gaz, comme la Slovaquie et l\u2019Autriche, payaient la Russie pour cette \u00e9nergie.\u00a0<\/span>Reuters a calcul\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0en d\u00e9cembre que l\u2019\u00e9conomie russe gagnerait environ 5 milliards de dollars rien qu\u2019en 2024 en faisant transiter du gaz par l\u2019Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’agence de presse a \u00e9galement estim\u00e9 que Kiev pourrait recevoir entre 800 millions et 1 milliard de dollars au cours de cette ann\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la collecte des frais de transport.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mais l’Ukraine avait signal\u00e9 depuis des mois qu’elle pr\u00e9voyait de laisser l’accord expirer le 1er janvier 2025, et elle a d\u00e9sormais tenu sa promesse.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab Lorsque Poutine a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence russe il y a plus de 25 ans, le transit annuel de gaz par l’Ukraine vers l’Europe s’\u00e9levait \u00e0 plus de 130 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes. Aujourd’hui, ce chiffre est \u00e9gal \u00e0 0 \u00bb, a \u00e9crit le pr\u00e9sident ukrainien\u00a0<\/span>Volodymyr Zelenskyy<\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le ministre ukrainien de l’\u00c9nergie, Hermann Halushchenko, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l’accord de transit avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompu pour des\u00a0<\/span>raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale<\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le conglom\u00e9rat gazier russe\u00a0<\/span>Gazprom<\/span>\u00a0a confirm\u00e9 mercredi que ses flux d’\u00e9nergie via l’Ukraine avaient cess\u00e9, \u00e9voquant \u00ab\u00a0le refus r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 et explicite de la partie ukrainienne de prolonger ces accords\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’accord russo-ukrainien, aujourd’hui caduc, a mis en \u00e9vidence les complexit\u00e9s de la guerre et ses cons\u00e9quences politiques en Europe, les pays de l’Union europ\u00e9enne luttant pour r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9nergie russe tout en fournissant des armes \u00e0 l’Ukraine et en essayant de sanctionner Moscou.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Alors que des milliers de personnes mouraient chaque semaine dans des combats acharn\u00e9s \u00e0 Louhansk, Donetsk, Kharkiv et Koursk, le gaz circulant dans les m\u00eames zones permettait \u00e0 Kiev et \u00e0 Moscou de profiter mutuellement des biens et des installations de l’autre.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’Ukraine achemine du gaz russe vers l’Europe depuis la chute de l’Union sovi\u00e9tique en 1991, et les clients du secteur de l’\u00e9nergie ont initialement exprim\u00e9 leur inqui\u00e9tude quant au fait qu’ils ne seraient pas en mesure de trouver un approvisionnement alternatif \u00e0 temps si l’accord expirait.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Le Premier ministre slovaque, Robert Fico,\u00a0<\/span>a critiqu\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de Kiev<\/span>\u00a0lors de son discours du Nouvel An, affirmant que couper le gaz russe bon march\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Europe aurait un impact drastique sur les pays de l’UE mais ne nuirait pas \u00e0 la Russie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’Autriche, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9,\u00a0<\/span>a rompu ses relations avec Gazprom<\/span>\u00a0en d\u00e9cembre, accusant la Russie de faire chanter la compagnie gazi\u00e8re autrichienne OMV en utilisant l’\u00e9nergie comme monnaie d’\u00e9change contre le soutien europ\u00e9en \u00e0 l’Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La perte de l’Autriche comme client constitue un nouveau coup dur pour l’industrie gazi\u00e8re de Moscou, alors que l’Europe se s\u00e9pare de son approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique russe.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u2019\u00a0<\/span>UE a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 en mars<\/span>\u00a0qu\u2019environ 8 % de son gaz naturel proviendrait de Russie en 2023, contre 40 % en 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Norv\u00e8ge sont devenus deux des plus grands gagnants parmi les fournisseurs de gaz naturel. L’UE a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les achats de gaz aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 2023 avaient tripl\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 2021, repr\u00e9sentant pr\u00e8s de 20 % des importations de gaz de l’Union.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Certains pays du continent, comme la Hongrie, membre de l’UE dirig\u00e9 par un pr\u00e9sident qui entretient des liens \u00e9troits avec Moscou, ont toujours acc\u00e8s au gaz russe gr\u00e2ce au gazoduc TurkStream, qui longe la mer Noire jusqu’aux Balkans.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La Moldavie<\/span>\u00a0, qui n’est pas un \u00c9tat membre de l’UE, et son territoire contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les s\u00e9paratistes, la Transnistrie, devraient \u00eatre durement touch\u00e9s par la fin de l’accord Ukraine-Russie, la plus grande centrale \u00e9lectrique du pays d\u00e9pendant historiquement du gaz russe.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Russie n’est plus en mesure d’envoyer du gaz naturel vers l’Europe via les gazoducs ukrainiens apr\u00e8s l’expiration mercredi d’un accord de cinq ans, conclu avant le d\u00e9but de la guerre. Cela marque la fin d\u2019un accord de longue date qui utilisait l\u2019Ukraine comme canal pour\u00a0le gaz russe\u00a0vers l\u2019ouest \u2013 un accord qui s\u2019est poursuivi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":362898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,197],"tags":[198652,201221],"class_list":["post-370664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-politique","tag-guerre-russie-ukraine","tag-poutine-zelensky"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Russie perd une source de revenus de plusieurs milliards de dollars<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cela marque la fin d\u2019un accord de longue date qui utilisait l\u2019Ukraine comme canal pour le gaz russe vers l\u2019ouest \u2013 un accord qui s\u2019est poursuivi m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019une guerre \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle a 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