{"id":366867,"date":"2024-06-20T14:08:55","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T14:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=366867"},"modified":"2024-06-20T14:08:55","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T14:08:55","slug":"le-visage-du-plus-vieil-etre-humain-ayant-jamais-vecu-revele-apres-300-000-ans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/le-visage-du-plus-vieil-etre-humain-ayant-jamais-vecu-revele-apres-300-000-ans\/","title":{"rendered":"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le visage du plus vieil humain connu a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstitu\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois. La reconstitution a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 le visage d&rsquo;un homme d\u00e9crit comme \u00ab fort et serein \u00bb. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;expert graphique br\u00e9silien Cicero Moraes, qui a utilis\u00e9 un scan 3D d&rsquo;un cr\u00e2ne pour redonner vie \u00e0 cet humain.<\/p>\n<p>Les fossiles proviennent des restes de Jebel Irhoud, du nom du site marocain o\u00f9 ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts, et prouvent que les humains, ou Homo sapiens, ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 100 000 ans plus t\u00f4t que pr\u00e9vu. Ils ont \u00e9galement prouv\u00e9 que nos anc\u00eatres ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le \u00ab berceau de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 \u00bb en Afrique de l&rsquo;Est et se sont r\u00e9pandus \u00e0 travers le continent des mill\u00e9naires avant que les preuves pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes ne le sugg\u00e8rent.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5873.jpeg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366868\" src=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5873.jpeg\"  alt=\"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans\"  width=\"480\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5873.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5873-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5873-390x220.jpeg 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Expliquant le processus, M. Moraes a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Dans un premier temps, j&rsquo;ai scann\u00e9 le cr\u00e2ne en 3D en utilisant les donn\u00e9es fournies par les chercheurs de l&rsquo;Institut Max Planck. Ensuite, j&rsquo;ai proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;approximation faciale, qui consistait \u00e0 croiser plusieurs approches, comme la d\u00e9formation anatomique. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Cette technique impliquait de cartographier le diagramme du cr\u00e2ne en 3D sur un prototype de cr\u00e2ne de \u00ab donneur \u00bb, bas\u00e9 sur un homme adulte avec un faible indice de masse corporelle. M. Moraes a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il avait choisi de donner au cr\u00e2ne un visage masculin bas\u00e9 sur les caract\u00e9ristiques \u00ab\u00a0robustes et masculines\u00a0\u00bb du cr\u00e2ne. D\u2019autres donn\u00e9es provenant de l\u2019homme moderne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour pr\u00e9dire l\u2019\u00e9paisseur des tissus mous et la projection probable du nez et d\u2019autres structures faciales.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5869.jpeg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366869\" src=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5869.jpeg\"  alt=\"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans\"  width=\"480\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5869.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5869-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5869-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Le visage final est l&rsquo;interpolation de toutes ces donn\u00e9es, qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re deux groupes d&rsquo;images, un objectif, avec des \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus techniques, sans cheveux et en niveaux de gris\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Moraes. \u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;autre est artistique, avec une pigmentation de la peau et des cheveux.\u00a0\u00bb Le cr\u00e2ne lui-m\u00eame est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 compos\u00e9 de divers fossiles, recr\u00e9\u00e9s en un tout que le concepteur a qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0excellent et assez coh\u00e9rent, anatomiquement parlant.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;Institut Max Planck, qui a fourni les donn\u00e9es du cr\u00e2ne, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les restes de Jebel Irhoud avaient \u00ab\u00a0un visage et des dents d&rsquo;aspect moderne, ainsi qu&rsquo;un cr\u00e2ne large mais d&rsquo;aspect plus archa\u00efque.\u00a0\u00bb L\u2019Institut a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les changements g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques affectant la connectivit\u00e9, l\u2019organisation et le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau avaient transform\u00e9 le cr\u00e2ne en ceux que nous avons tous aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n<p>Moraes a accept\u00e9 et a compar\u00e9 le cr\u00e2ne de Jebel Irhoud \u00e0 un Homo sapiens archa\u00efque. \u00ab\u00a0Le cr\u00e2ne de Jebel Irhoud pr\u00e9sente certaines caract\u00e9ristiques compatibles avec les N\u00e9andertaliens ou les Heidelbergensis (parents humains disparus). Il est tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant d&rsquo;observer les diff\u00e9rences et les compatibilit\u00e9s entre les structures de ces cr\u00e2nes et visages sur des milliers d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5872.jpeg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366870\" src=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5872.jpeg\"  alt=\"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans\"  width=\"480\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5872.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5872-296x300.jpeg 296w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Les fossiles du site de Jebel Irhoud ont \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9couverts dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 et estim\u00e9s \u00e0 environ 40 000 ans avant que les scientifiques ne revisitent le site et que de nouvelles techniques ne r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que les os avaient environ 300 000 ans. Jean-Jacques Hublin, de l&rsquo;Institut Max Planck, d\u00e9clarait \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque : \u00ab Nous pensions qu&rsquo;il y avait un berceau de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 il y a 200 000 ans en Afrique de l&rsquo;Est. En fait, nous avons d\u00e9couvert que l&rsquo;Homo sapiens s&rsquo;\u00e9tait r\u00e9pandu encore plus t\u00f4t sur tout le continent africain, il y a environ 300 000 ans. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5870.jpeg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366871\" src=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5870.jpeg\"  alt=\"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans\"  width=\"480\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5870.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5870-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5870-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9couverte a \u00e9clips\u00e9 les restes d&rsquo;Homo sapiens les plus anciens d\u00e9couverts \u00e0 Omo Kibish en \u00c9thiopie, dat\u00e9s de 195 000 ans.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5871.jpeg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-366872\" src=\"http:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5871.jpeg\"  alt=\"Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans\"  width=\"480\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5871.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5871-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_5871-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le visage du plus vieil humain connu a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstitu\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois. La reconstitution a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 le visage d&rsquo;un homme d\u00e9crit comme \u00ab fort et serein \u00bb. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;expert graphique br\u00e9silien Cicero Moraes, qui a utilis\u00e9 un scan 3D d&rsquo;un cr\u00e2ne pour redonner vie \u00e0 cet humain. Les fossiles &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":366874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,7020],"tags":[16253,3804,6853,2930],"class_list":["post-366867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-societe","tag-etre-humain","tag-humain","tag-vieil","tag-visage"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le visage du plus vieil \u00eatre humain ayant jamais v\u00e9cu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 300 000 ans<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le visage du plus vieil humain connu a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstitu\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois par l&#039;expert graphique br\u00e9silien Cicero Moraes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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