{"id":365086,"date":"2024-04-02T08:55:25","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T08:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=365086"},"modified":"2024-04-02T08:55:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T08:55:25","slug":"femme-concu-leconomie-de-guerre-russie-contribue-a-assurer-nouveau-mandat-poutine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/femme-concu-leconomie-de-guerre-russie-contribue-a-assurer-nouveau-mandat-poutine\/","title":{"rendered":"Voici la femme qui a con\u00e7u l’\u00e9conomie de guerre de la Russie et contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer un nouveau mandat \u00e0 Poutine"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L’\u00e9conomie russe \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e\u00a0imploser et s’effondrer apr\u00e8s que l’Occident lui ait impos\u00e9 des sanctions suite \u00e0 son invasion de l’Ukraine.<\/p>\n

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Mais ce n\u2019est pas le cas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

La r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique actuelle de la Russie a contrari\u00e9 les pays occidentaux, mais leur r\u00e9action ne s\u2019adresse pas uniquement au pr\u00e9sident russe Poutine, un ancien espion du KGB aux ambitions imp\u00e9riales. Elle s’adresse \u00e9galement \u00e0 la femme derri\u00e8re lui : Elvira Nabioullina, la gouverneure de la banque centrale du pays, qui joue un r\u00f4le majeur dans le maintien de l’\u00e9conomie russe en temps de guerre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Nabioullina a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s efficace pour stabiliser l’\u00e9conomie russe, malgr\u00e9 l’\u00e9norme pression \u00e9conomique due aux sanctions\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 Business Insider Daniel McDowell, professeur \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Syracuse sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans l’\u00e9conomie politique internationale. En particulier, il attribue son utilisation du contr\u00f4le des capitaux et de la politique mon\u00e9taire pour stabiliser le rouble et sa d\u00e9cision d\u2019\u00e9loigner la Russie de l\u2019utilisation des monnaies occidentales dans le commerce international.<\/p>\n

\"Voici<\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Bien que le niveau de vie en Russie ait diminu\u00e9 \u00e0 cause des sanctions, les conditions seraient probablement bien pires sans ses d\u00e9cisions judicieuses\u00a0\u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 McDowell. \u00ab\u00a0Je pense qu’il est juste de dire qu’elle est en train d’\u00e9crire un\u00a0guide\u00a0sur la fa\u00e7on de r\u00e9pondre aux pressions des sanctions ext\u00e9rieures.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Alors que beaucoup, comme McDowell, ont cr\u00e9dit\u00e9 Nabioullina pour son r\u00f4le dans le soutien de l’\u00e9conomie russe, son r\u00f4le dans le soutien du r\u00e9gime de Poutine est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une trahison par de nombreux responsables financiers, \u00e9conomistes et analystes occidentaux.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nabioullina et la banque centrale russe n’ont pas r\u00e9pondu aux demandes de commentaires de BI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nabioullina a d\u00een\u00e9 avec l’\u00e9lite europ\u00e9enne avant la guerre<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es \u00e0 peine, Nabioullina \u00e9tait\u00a0consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une lib\u00e9rale, m\u00eame parmi les initi\u00e9s du Kremlin. L\u2019\u00e9lite bruxelloise semblait consid\u00e9rer Nabioullina comme l\u2019une des leurs. En 2018,\u00a0Christine Lagarde, alors directrice du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, a salu\u00e9 Nabioullina \u2013 un autre amateur d’op\u00e9ra \u2013 comme un d\u00e9cideur politique qui \u00ab peut faire \u00ab chanter \u00bb les banques centrales.<\/p>\n

\"Voici<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, Nabioullina, 60 ans, est autant un paria du monde occidental que Poutine. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>sanctionn\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/span>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span>le Royaume-Uni.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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De nombreux \u00e9conomistes et analystes qui l’ont autrefois c\u00f4toy\u00e9e tournent le dos \u00e0 celle qui maintient l’\u00e9conomie russe en vie, aidant ainsi\u00a0<\/span>Poutine \u00e0 obtenir son cinqui\u00e8me mandat<\/span>\u00a0\u00e0 la plus haute fonction du pays.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Elle est tr\u00e8s intelligente, tout comme les gens qui l’entourent\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 BI Richard Portes, professeur d’\u00e9conomie \u00e0 la London Business School.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Cependant, Portes \u2013 qui a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des panels aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Nabioullina lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales \u2013 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab tr\u00e8s d\u00e9\u00e7u \u00bb par le soutien de Nabioullina au r\u00e9gime de Poutine.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Je l’ai aim\u00e9e personnellement\u00a0\u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 Portes \u2013 et il n’est clairement pas le seul.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
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Comme l’\u00e9crivait Anders Slund, \u00e9conomiste su\u00e9dois sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans l’\u00e9conomie russe, dans le\u00a0Moscow Times\u00a0en mars 2022 : \u00ab Je ne l’ai jamais entendue \u00e9lever la voix. Il est difficile de ne pas l’aimer \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Les lib\u00e9raux craignaient qu’elle ne soit trop molle\u00a0\u00bb, avait alors ajout\u00e9 Slund, faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 sa nomination au poste de premi\u00e8re banque centrale de Russie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ce n\u2019est l\u00e0 qu\u2019une indication de son ascension improbable aux \u00e9chelons sup\u00e9rieurs du gouvernement russe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Fille de minorit\u00e9s ouvri\u00e8res<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Originaire de la ville industrielle d\u2019Oufa, en Russie centrale,\u00a0Nabioullina\u00a0est n\u00e9e dans une famille de Tatars, un groupe minoritaire en Russie. Son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait chauffeur et sa m\u00e8re ouvri\u00e8re d’usine.<\/p>\n

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Ayant grandi dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, elle a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le fran\u00e7ais, aimait la musique classique et lisait des classiques comme L\u00e9on Tolsto\u00ef, Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski et Franz Kafka, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 son mari Yaroslav Kuzminov en 2013, a rapport\u00e9\u00a0Bloomberg\u00a0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Nabioullina a rencontr\u00e9 Kuzminov \u2013 le fondateur de l\u2019\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d\u2019\u00e9conomie, une institution prestigieuse \u2013 dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, alors qu\u2019il enseignait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00a0Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9tat de Moscou,\u00a0o\u00f9 elle \u00e9tudiait l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Ils ont un fils adulte.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
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De personnage secondaire \u00e0 assistant de Poutine<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

C\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9tat de Moscou que Nabioullina a d\u00e9couvert les concepts \u00e9conomiques occidentaux qui lui seraient utiles dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie post-sovi\u00e9tique en pleine mutation.<\/p>\n

\n

En 1991, elle a travaill\u00e9 comme \u00e9conomiste au Conseil de l’Union scientifique et industrielle de l’URSS, selon sa\u00a0<\/span>biographie officielle.<\/span>\u00a0En 1994, elle rejoint le d\u00e9partement des r\u00e9formes du minist\u00e8re russe de l’\u00c9conomie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Elle a quitt\u00e9 la fonction publique en 1998 et a rejoint le gouvernement en 2000 en tant que premi\u00e8re adjointe d’Herman Gref \u2013 l’actuel PDG du g\u00e9ant bancaire russe Sberbank, \u00e9galement connu comme lib\u00e9ral \u2013 qui \u00e9tait alors ministre russe de l’\u00c9conomie. En 2003, elle a quitt\u00e9 son poste pour rejoindre un groupe de r\u00e9flexion, mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9e par Poutine \u00e0 remplacer Gref au poste de ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie en 2007 \u2013 ce qui l\u2019a surprise, a rapport\u00e9 Bloomberg en 2013, citant ses coll\u00e8gues.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Cette invitation marque un tournant dans sa carri\u00e8re. Apr\u00e8s tout, elle \u00e9tait aussi habitu\u00e9e \u00e0 jouer un second r\u00f4le.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’\u00e9conomie russe \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e\u00a0imploser et s’effondrer apr\u00e8s que l’Occident lui ait impos\u00e9 des sanctions suite \u00e0 son invasion de l’Ukraine. Mais ce n\u2019est pas le cas. La r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique actuelle de la Russie a contrari\u00e9 les pays occidentaux, mais leur r\u00e9action ne s\u2019adresse pas uniquement au pr\u00e9sident russe Poutine, un ancien espion du KGB aux …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":365088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,197],"tags":[198652,199646,5655],"class_list":["post-365086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-politique","tag-guerre-russie-ukraine","tag-nabioullina","tag-poutine"],"yoast_head":"\nVoici la femme qui a con\u00e7u l'\u00e9conomie de guerre de la Russie et contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer un nouveau mandat \u00e0 Poutine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique actuelle de la Russie a contrari\u00e9 les pays occidentaux, mais leur r\u00e9action ne 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