{"id":267557,"date":"2021-04-23T10:21:10","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T10:21:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=267557"},"modified":"2021-04-23T10:21:25","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T10:21:25","slug":"un-pays-africain-riche-en-petrole-les-points-cles-concernant-le-tchad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/un-pays-africain-riche-en-petrole-les-points-cles-concernant-le-tchad\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Tchad, pays africain riche en p\u00e9trole : un alli\u00e9 r\u00e9gional cl\u00e9 de l’Occident"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le Tchad est une nation africaine riche en p\u00e9trole qui est devenue un alli\u00e9 r\u00e9gional cl\u00e9 de l’Occident dans la lutte contre les djihadistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident sortant Idriss D\u00e9by est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 des suites de blessures subies au front lors de la lutte contre les rebelles dans le nord du pays, a annonc\u00e9 l’arm\u00e9e mardi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voici les points cl\u00e9s concernant le pays :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enclav\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Tchad, pays enclav\u00e9, est trois fois plus grand que la Californie, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, et s’\u00e9tend du d\u00e9sert du Sahara, dans le nord montagneux et inhospitalier qui borde la Libye, aux basses terres fertiles du sud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il abrite environ 15 millions de personnes et de nombreux groupes ethniques. Un peu plus de la moiti\u00e9 de la population est musulmane, 35 % est chr\u00e9tienne et le reste est animiste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fronti\u00e8res communes avec plusieurs pays<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Tchad est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis militaires sur toutes ses fronti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l’ouest, dans la r\u00e9gion du lac Tchad, l’arm\u00e9e combat le groupe islamiste nig\u00e9rian Boko Haram – alli\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat islamique – depuis 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’ancienne puissance coloniale, la France, conserve des troupes au Tchad et dirige une force multinationale bas\u00e9e \u00e0 N’Djamena depuis 2014 pour combattre les islamistes dans toute la r\u00e9gion du Sahel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Tchad est \u00e9galement membre d’une force militaire r\u00e9gionale de cinq pays luttant contre les djihadistes, qui comprend \u00e9galement le Cameroun, le Niger et le Nigeria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’est du Tchad, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le Soudan, a connu des conflits entre diff\u00e9rents groupes ethniques. Le nord du Tchad est \u00e9galement instable, peu peupl\u00e9 et difficile \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler. Plusieurs groupes rebelles tchadiens ont \u00e9tabli leur base dans le sud de la Libye voisine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nouveaux combats ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion apr\u00e8s les \u00e9lections de ce mois-ci, entra\u00eenant la mort de M. Deby, qui a succomb\u00e9 \u00e0 ses blessures en combattant les rebelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’arm\u00e9e a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir tu\u00e9 plus de 300 rebelles et en avoir captur\u00e9 150 autres en huit jours de combats ce mois-ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historique de guerre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Tchad a connu une succession de coups d’\u00c9tat et de r\u00e9bellions depuis son ind\u00e9pendance en 1960. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 ravag\u00e9 par la guerre civile pendant trois d\u00e9cennies et a \u00e9t\u00e9 envahi \u00e0 plusieurs reprises par la Libye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idriss D\u00e9by Itno a pris le pouvoir en d\u00e9cembre 1990 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9vinc\u00e9 Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9, dont il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 le chef des arm\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habr\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 par un tribunal sp\u00e9cial africain \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie en 2017 pour crimes contre l’humanit\u00e9. Plus de 40 000 personnes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9es sous son r\u00e8gne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pays riche en p\u00e9trole mais pauvre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2003, le Tchad a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 exporter du p\u00e9trole vers un terminal de l’Atlantique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un ol\u00e9oduc construit \u00e0 travers le Cameroun voisin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, le pays est class\u00e9 comme l’un des pays les plus pauvres et les plus corrompus du monde, avec pr\u00e8s de deux cinqui\u00e8mes de la population vivant sous le seuil de pauvret\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : bbc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tchad est une nation africaine riche en p\u00e9trole qui est devenue un alli\u00e9 r\u00e9gional cl\u00e9 de l’Occident dans la lutte contre les djihadistes. Le pr\u00e9sident sortant Idriss D\u00e9by est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 des suites de blessures subies au front lors de la lutte contre les rebelles dans le nord du pays, a annonc\u00e9 l’arm\u00e9e mardi. Voici …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":267558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[174868,7390,191736,5157],"class_list":["post-267557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","tag-pays-africain","tag-petrole","tag-points-cles","tag-tchad"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Tchad, pays africain riche en p\u00e9trole : un alli\u00e9 r\u00e9gional cl\u00e9 de l'Occident<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tchad est une nation africaine riche en p\u00e9trole qui est devenue un alli\u00e9 r\u00e9gional cl\u00e9 de l'Occident dans la lutte contre les djihadistes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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