{"id":235297,"date":"2020-10-27T09:14:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T09:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=235297"},"modified":"2021-04-25T09:09:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T09:09:09","slug":"jean-claude-duvalier-devenu-president-a-19-ans-depense-5-millions-dollars-pour-son-mariage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/jean-claude-duvalier-devenu-president-a-19-ans-depense-5-millions-dollars-pour-son-mariage\/","title":{"rendered":"Jean-Claude Duvalier : devenu pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 19 ans, il a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 5 millions de dollars pour son mariage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jean-Claude Duvalier n’a que 19 ans lorsqu’il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son p\u00e8re, Fran\u00e7ois \u00ab Papa Doc \u00bb Duvalier, qui a dirig\u00e9 Ha\u00efti pendant des ann\u00e9es.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En assumant le poste de \u00ab pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 vie \u00bb, comme lui et son p\u00e8re l’appelaient, Duvalier est devenu le plus jeune chef d’\u00c9tat de l’\u00e9poque. Comme son p\u00e8re, il a gouvern\u00e9 d’une main de fer et a r\u00e9prim\u00e9 l’opposition, en grande partie avec le soutien d’agents de la police secr\u00e8te paramilitaire brutaux connus sous le nom de Tontons Macoutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Baby Doc \u00bb, comme Duvalier \u00e9tait aussi appel\u00e9, a gouvern\u00e9 Ha\u00efti pendant 15 ans, plus longtemps que son p\u00e8re et cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 au soutien qu’il a re\u00e7u des gouvernements occidentaux tels que les \u00c9tats-Unis, ainsi que des institutions financi\u00e8res comme le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international et la Banque mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus tard, Duvalier devient moins dictateur, mais ses extravagances et l’arrestation continue de ses opposants l’ont conduit \u00e0 l’exil en f\u00e9vrier 1986 apr\u00e8s qu’un soul\u00e8vement populaire l’a forc\u00e9 \u00e0 quitter le pouvoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9 \u00e0 Port-au-Prince, la capitale d’Ha\u00efti, en 1951, Duvalier \u00e9tait le seul fils et le plus jeune des quatre enfants de son p\u00e8re, Papa Doc, et de sa femme, Simone, une ancienne infirmi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papa Doc, qui \u00e9tait m\u00e9decin \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque o\u00f9 il participait \u00e0 une campagne d’\u00e9radication des maladies parrain\u00e9es par l’arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine dans les campagnes ha\u00eftiennes, est arriv\u00e9 au pouvoir en 1957, apr\u00e8s des \u00e9lections, alors que Duvalier avait environ 6 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son p\u00e8re a adopt\u00e9 un r\u00e9gime autoritaire et en 1964, il s’est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 vie. En novembre 1970, le vieil homme est devenu faible et malade, et il a officiellement d\u00e9sign\u00e9 son fils adolescent comme son successeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duvalier \u00e9tait alors un introverti et un passionn\u00e9 d’arts martiaux, qui aimait les voitures rapides et le jazz. Au d\u00e9part, le dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de l’universit\u00e9 d’Ha\u00efti n’aimait pas l’id\u00e9e de succ\u00e9der \u00e0 son p\u00e8re, car il y voyait une distraction par rapport aux choses qu’il aimait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon un article du tablo\u00efd The Independent, Duvalier souhaitait que sa s\u0153ur succ\u00e8de \u00e0 leur p\u00e8re, mais le lendemain de la mort de son p\u00e8re, le jeune homme est devenu le plus jeune chef d’\u00c9tat du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant des ann\u00e9es, Duvalier n’a gu\u00e8re eu le contr\u00f4le des affaires, car il a laiss\u00e9 l’administration du pays \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re et \u00e0 son amant, Luckner Cambronne. Cambronne a lanc\u00e9 une entreprise florissante en exportant cinq tonnes de plasma sanguin par mois et a \u00e9galement fait le commerce de cadavres sous l’\u0153il attentif de Duvalier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque Duvalier a assum\u00e9 toutes les responsabilit\u00e9s, il a essay\u00e9 de r\u00e9former l’\u00c9tat et de faire face \u00e0 la crise de la pauvret\u00e9, aux probl\u00e8mes de ch\u00f4mage et au manque d’investissement. Mais son approche dictatoriale et autoritaire, ainsi que l’influence de sa m\u00e8re, l’ont emp\u00each\u00e9 d’atteindre ses objectifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n’a gu\u00e8re fait d’apparitions publiques, mais la nouvelle de son mode de vie somptueux et de ses d\u00e9penses aux d\u00e9pens de la majorit\u00e9 des pauvres de l’\u00c9tat \u00e9taient largement connue. Ce qui a aggrav\u00e9 les choses, c’est le mariage de 5 millions de dollars qu’il a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 en 1980 avec sa fianc\u00e9e, Michele Bennet, la fille d’un riche baron du caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a imm\u00e9diatement marqu\u00e9 son autorit\u00e9 en entrant dans le palais pr\u00e9sidentiel et a forc\u00e9 Duvalier \u00e0 suivre un r\u00e9gime amaigrissant, mena\u00e7ant le personnel contre tout exc\u00e8s de repas. Duvalier est moins s\u00e9v\u00e8re que son p\u00e8re et lib\u00e8re occasionnellement des prisonniers politiques et tol\u00e8re les opinions divergentes, mais la pauvret\u00e9 et la r\u00e9pression de la dissidence ne tardent pas \u00e0 revenir, avec l’aide de sa milice redout\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les organisations des droits de l’homme, des centaines de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es sous son administration, tandis que plusieurs autres ont fui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Papa Doc \u00e9tait plus brutal. Baby Doc \u00e9tait plus doux \u00bb,<\/em> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Robert Duval, le fils d’un homme d’affaires ha\u00eftien qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 peu apr\u00e8s son retour d’\u00e9tudes universitaires au Canada en 1976 et d\u00e9tenu pendant 18 mois sans inculpation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors qu’il \u00e9tait au pouvoir, Duvalier a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un anticommuniste convaincu, ce qui a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 ses relations avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, puisqu’il a n\u00e9goci\u00e9 de l’aide et a re\u00e7u les ressources dont il avait besoin pour maintenir son style de vie somptueux dans l’un des pays les plus pauvres du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le pays a souffert d’une crise de change en 1980, la situation a \u00e9t\u00e9 sauv\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un pr\u00eat de 22 millions de dollars du FMI. Selon the Independent, 4 millions de dollars sont all\u00e9s aux Tontons Macoutes et 16 millions de dollars aux comptes personnels du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s des mois de manifestations massives et le retrait du soutien \u00e0 son r\u00e9gime par les \u00c9tats-Unis, Duvalier s’est exil\u00e9 dans le sud de la France dans la nuit du 5 f\u00e9vrier 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En France, Duvalier vivait encore de fa\u00e7on flamboyante, d\u00e9pendant pour la plupart de plusieurs comptes dans de nombreuses villes, dont Barclays \u00e0 Londres et Amro \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve. Mais il a perdu une \u00e9norme quantit\u00e9 d’argent apr\u00e8s avoir divorc\u00e9 de sa femme en 1993 et les quelques 6 millions de dollars qu’il d\u00e9tenait sur des comptes bancaires suisses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 gel\u00e9s en 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il commence \u00e0 d\u00e9pendre du soutien de ses amis et de ses disciples, dont sa ma\u00eetresse, V\u00e8ronique Roy, avec qui il vit dans un appartement d’une chambre \u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2011, apr\u00e8s 25 ans d’exil, Duvalier est retourn\u00e9 en Ha\u00efti qui luttait alors pour se remettre sur pied apr\u00e8s un tremblement de terre d\u00e9vastateur. Duvalier a ni\u00e9 les affirmations selon lesquelles son retour \u00e9tait motiv\u00e9 par des raisons politiques, soulignant qu’il voulait simplement aider \u00e0 reconstruire la nation carib\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 son retour, Duvalier a \u00e9t\u00e9 bri\u00e8vement d\u00e9tenu pour corruption, vol et d\u00e9tournement de fonds. Un tribunal ha\u00eftien a par ailleurs d\u00e9cid\u00e9 en 2014 qu’il pouvait \u00eatre accus\u00e9 de crimes contre l’humanit\u00e9 en vertu du droit international, et \u00eatre tenu responsable des abus commis par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sous son r\u00e8gne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niant l’existence de ces infractions, Duvalier est rest\u00e9 dans un h\u00f4tel dans les montagnes au-dessus de Port-au-Prince, o\u00f9 il est mort d’une crise cardiaque en octobre de cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 avant de pouvoir \u00eatre jug\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : timetoast<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jean-Claude Duvalier n’a que 19 ans lorsqu’il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son p\u00e8re, Fran\u00e7ois \u00ab Papa Doc \u00bb Duvalier, qui a dirig\u00e9 Ha\u00efti pendant des ann\u00e9es. En assumant le poste de \u00ab pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 vie \u00bb, comme lui et son p\u00e8re l’appelaient, Duvalier est devenu le plus jeune chef d’\u00c9tat de l’\u00e9poque. Comme son p\u00e8re, il a gouvern\u00e9 d’une main de …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":235311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189118,8766],"tags":[5001,189682,189681,16,147493],"class_list":["post-235297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-monde","tag-19-ans","tag-5-million","tag-jean-claude-duvalier","tag-mariage","tag-president-2"],"yoast_head":"\nJean-Claude Duvalier : devenu pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 19 ans, il a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 5 millions de dollars pour son mariage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jean-Claude Duvalier n'a que 19 ans lorsqu'il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son p\u00e8re, Fran\u00e7ois \u00ab Papa Doc \u00bb Duvalier, qui a dirig\u00e9 Ha\u00efti pendant des ann\u00e9es.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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