{"id":228985,"date":"2020-09-29T16:59:47","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T16:59:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=228985"},"modified":"2020-09-29T18:05:41","modified_gmt":"2020-09-29T18:05:41","slug":"la-corruption-et-levasion-fiscale-coutent-a-lafrique-89-milliards-de-dollars-par-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/la-corruption-et-levasion-fiscale-coutent-a-lafrique-89-milliards-de-dollars-par-an\/","title":{"rendered":"La corruption et l’\u00e9vasion fiscale co\u00fbtent \u00e0 l’Afrique 89 milliards de dollars par an"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D’\u00e9normes sommes d’argent quittant l’Afrique par des pratiques de corruption et des moyens ill\u00e9gaux co\u00fbtent au continent des milliards de dollars et entravent les efforts visant \u00e0 atteindre les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable, selon un nouveau rapport des Nations unies.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport de la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement (CNUCED) estime \u00e0 89 milliards de dollars par an les flux financiers ill\u00e9gaux qui sortent d’Afrique. Ces sorties correspondent presque au total des entr\u00e9es annuelles de liquidit\u00e9s re\u00e7ues au titre de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement et des investissements \u00e9trangers directs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce rapport de 248 pages est le plus complet \u00e0 ce jour pour l’Afrique, montrant que pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ces 89 milliards de dollars est due \u00e0 l’exportation de produits de base tels que l’or, les diamants et le platine. Selon le rapport, l’or repr\u00e9sentait 77 % du total des exportations sous-factur\u00e9es, d’une valeur de 40 milliards de dollars en 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le rapport, les flux financiers illicites proviennent de l’\u00e9vasion fiscale, de la corruption et des comptes offshore, ainsi que des flux illicites d’autres activit\u00e9s criminelles telles que le trafic de drogues, d’armes, d’\u00eatres humains, d’organes humains et de biens culturels, la contrefa\u00e7on, le commerce ill\u00e9gal d’esp\u00e8ces sauvages, le commerce de la p\u00eache, l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re et mini\u00e8re et le vol de p\u00e9trole brut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’ampleur de la fuite des capitaux, qui serait d’environ 3,7 % du produit int\u00e9rieur brut (PIB), et l’effet \u00e9conomique de COVID-19 menacent d’affecter les gains r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par les pays africains dans les domaines de l’\u00e9ducation, de la sant\u00e9 et autres, selon le rapport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mukhisa Kituyi, le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la CNUCED, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans un communiqu\u00e9 que les flux financiers illicites constituent une fuite de capitaux et de revenus des \u00c9tats africains qui pourrait faire d\u00e9railler le d\u00e9veloppement sur le continent. Il a ajout\u00e9 que l’Afrique aura besoin de 200 milliards de dollars pour r\u00e9aliser les SDG, mais que seule la moiti\u00e9 de cet argent est disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les flux financiers illicites privent l’Afrique et ses populations de leurs perspectives, sapant la transparence et la responsabilit\u00e9 et \u00e9rodant la confiance dans les institutions africaines \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Kituyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les pays o\u00f9 les flux financiers illicites sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s investissent environ 25 % de moins dans la sant\u00e9, 58 % de moins dans l’\u00e9ducation que les pays comparables du continent \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Kituyi. \u00ab Et, la moiti\u00e9 des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne n’ont pas de r\u00e8gles et de r\u00e9glementations nationales suffisamment d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de prix de transfert dans leur jurisprudence. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une allocution vid\u00e9o, le vice-pr\u00e9sident du Nigeria, Oluyemi Osinbajo, a averti que les flux financiers illicites alimentent les conflits sur le continent, sapent la d\u00e9mocratie et incitent les terroristes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab L’\u00e9normit\u00e9 des efforts n\u00e9cessaires pour lutter contre les flux financiers illicites est mise en \u00e9vidence par les nombreuses dimensions que pr\u00e9sente ce fl\u00e9au \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Osinbajo. \u00ab Il se manifeste par des politiques et des pratiques fiscales dommageables, des prix de transfert abusifs, des erreurs de prix et de facturation, l’exploitation l\u00e9gale des ressources naturelles, ainsi que la corruption officielle et le crime organis\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CNUCED a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites et la fuite des capitaux permettraient de lib\u00e9rer un espace fiscal pour les investissements dans les infrastructures, l’\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9 et les capacit\u00e9s de production. En outre, la lutte pourrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des capitaux importants d’ici 2030 pour financer pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des 2 400 milliards de dollars dont les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont besoin pour s’adapter au changement climatique<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : facetofaceafrica<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D’\u00e9normes sommes d’argent quittant l’Afrique par des pratiques de corruption et des moyens ill\u00e9gaux co\u00fbtent au continent des milliards de dollars et entravent les efforts visant \u00e0 atteindre les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable, selon un nouveau rapport des Nations unies. Le rapport de la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement (CNUCED) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":228986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[189342,8751,96,12260],"class_list":["post-228985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","tag-89-milliards-de-dollars","tag-afrique","tag-corruption","tag-evasion-fiscale"],"yoast_head":"\nLa corruption et l'\u00e9vasion fiscale co\u00fbtent \u00e0 l'Afrique 89 milliards de dollars par an<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le rapport de la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement (CNUCED) estime \u00e0 89 milliards de dollars par an les flux financiers ill\u00e9gaux qui sortent d'Afrique.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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