{"id":207257,"date":"2020-06-02T15:27:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T15:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=207257"},"modified":"2020-06-02T16:12:16","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T16:12:16","slug":"devoir-de-memoire-le-massacre-du-black-wall-street","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/devoir-de-memoire-le-massacre-du-black-wall-street\/","title":{"rendered":"Devoir de m\u00e9moire: Le massacre du Black Wall Street"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quelques jours apr\u00e8s le meurtre de George Floyd<\/a>, aujourd’hui 1er Juin marque les 99 ans du Massacre du Black Wall Street. Afrikmag revient sur cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement class\u00e9 comme l\u2019\u00e9pisode de violence raciale le plus meurtrier de l’histoire des \u00c9tats-Unis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le contexte historique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es 1920, le contexte historique des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement tendu. En effet, le pays bien que vainqueur de la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale avait subi de grandes pertes. Cette p\u00e9riode a co\u00efncid\u00e9 avec la renaissance du Ku Klux Klan, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 secr\u00e8te terroriste supr\u00e9maciste blanche fond\u00e9e entre 1865 et 1866.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce contexte aura pour effet d\u2019amplifier les tensions sociales et favoriser un retour en force de la haine raciale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que la communaut\u00e9 noire ait obtenu la citoyennet\u00e9 en 1865 et le droit de vote pour les hommes, les injustices perduraient. En effet, il y avait fr\u00e9quemment des lynchages et plusieurs Etats emp\u00eachaient les Noirs d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des fonctions publiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est dans cette atmosph\u00e8re que la ville de Tulsa en Oklahoma s’est mise \u00e0 prosp\u00e9rer. Marginalis\u00e9s, les Noirs se sont mis \u00e0 consommer les produits de leurs fr\u00e8res de couleur. Le quartier de Greenwood o\u00f9 vivaient les Noirs \u00e9tait si prosp\u00e8re \u00e9conomiquement qu’on l’appela le \u00ab Negro Wall Street \u00bb ou encore le \u00abBlack Wall Street\u00bb. Malheureusement cette prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 eut pour effet d’agacer les Blancs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Devoir<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le massacre du Black Wall Street<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le massacre de Tulsa d\u00e9buta le week-end du Memorial Day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dick Rowland, se rendant \u00e0 l’immeuble abritant les seules toilettes du quartier r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux Noirs, a \u00e9cras\u00e9 par m\u00e9garde le pied de Sarah Page, une t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniste blanche. Il fut alors mis en d\u00e9tention. Des rumeurs sur le fait que Dick Rowland se ferait lyncher se r\u00e9pandirent, attirant des hommes noirs au poste de police pour emp\u00eacher cela. Il survint une confrontation entre Noirs et Blancs devant le poste de police. Suite \u00e0 des coups de feu, douze personnes trouv\u00e8rent la mort dont dix Blancs et deux Noirs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle des tueries se propagea dans la ville telle une tra\u00een\u00e9e de poudre, attisant les violences. C’est ainsi que des milliers de Blancs dont de nombreux adeptes du Ku Klux Klan envahirent le quartier de Greenwood cette nuit-l\u00e0. Ils mirent le feu au quartier, d\u00e9truisant des commerces et des habitations. Ils tu\u00e8rent \u00e9galement plusieurs Noirs qui essayaient de fuir les flammes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les t\u00e9moignages faisaient \u00e9tat de la pr\u00e9sence de policiers et de gardes nationaux parmi les \u00e9meutiers. Ces derniers auraient tir\u00e9 \u00e0 coups de mitraillette sur la communaut\u00e9 noire et largu\u00e9 des b\u00e2tons de dynamite par des avions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Devoir<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estimation en 2018 faisait \u00e9tat de plus de 31 millions de dollars de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels au Black Wall Street. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon une commission ayant examin\u00e9 le dossier, le bilan s’\u00e9l\u00e8verait de 100 \u00e0 300 morts. Une estimation que la d\u00e9couverte de plusieurs charniers –dont l’un avec plus d’une centaine de corps– pourrait faire revoir \u00e0 la hausse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environ 10 000 Noirs se retrouv\u00e8rent sans abri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9parations du Massacre du Black Wall Street <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00c9tat f\u00e9d\u00e9ral d’Oklahoma, en juin 2001, a adopt\u00e9 une loi intitul\u00e9e \u00ab 1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconciliation Act \u00bb. Cette loi contrairement aux recommandations de la commission d\u2019enqu\u00eate accordait seulement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Plus de 300 bourses d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures accord\u00e9es aux descendants des r\u00e9sidents de Greenwood.<\/li>
  2. Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un m\u00e9morial pour ceux qui sont morts dans les \u00e9meutes. Le 27 octobre 2011, le \u00ab\u00a0Parc r\u00e9conciliateur\u00a0\u00bb de John Hope Franklin a \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9 en 2010 en l\u2019honneur d\u2019un historien afro-am\u00e9ricain originaire de Tulsa.<\/li>
  3. D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique \u00e0 Greenwood.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    *Le devoir de m\u00e9moire<\/strong> est une expression qui d\u00e9signe et postule l’obligation morale de se souvenir d’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement historique tragique et de ses victimes, afin de faire en sorte qu’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement de ce type ne se reproduise plus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Quelques jours apr\u00e8s le meurtre de George Floyd, aujourd’hui 1er Juin marque les 99 ans du Massacre du Black Wall Street. Afrikmag revient sur cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement class\u00e9 comme l\u2019\u00e9pisode de violence raciale le plus meurtrier de l’histoire des \u00c9tats-Unis. Le contexte historique Dans les ann\u00e9es 1920, le contexte historique des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement tendu. En …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":207285,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[177206,147481,176442,177207,727,4385],"class_list":["post-207257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-wall-street","tag-etats-unis-3","tag-george-floyd","tag-raciale","tag-racisme","tag-violence"],"yoast_head":"\nDevoir de m\u00e9moire: Le massacre du Black Wall Street - AfrikMag<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aujourd'hui 1er Juin marque les 99 ans du Massacre du Black Wall Street. 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