{"id":190839,"date":"2020-02-14T08:55:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-14T08:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=190839"},"modified":"2020-02-14T08:55:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T08:55:13","slug":"sally-hemings-lesclave-qui-a-eu-6-enfants-avec-un-president-americain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/sally-hemings-lesclave-qui-a-eu-6-enfants-avec-un-president-americain\/","title":{"rendered":"Sally Hemings : l&rsquo;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sarah \u00ab\u00a0Sally\u00a0\u00bb Hemings \u00e9tait une esclave du pr\u00e9sident Thomas Jefferson par le biais d&rsquo;un h\u00e9ritage de sa femme, Martha Jefferson. Ne s&rsquo;\u00e9tant jamais mari\u00e9e, Hemings a eu six enfants avec Jefferson, dont quatre ont v\u00e9cu jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/07\/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_Thomas_Jefferson_%28by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800%29.jpg\"  alt=\"Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sally Hemings est n\u00e9e dans le comt\u00e9 de Charles City, en Virginie, en 1773.\u00a0 Elle \u00e9tait descendante d&rsquo;une esclave africaine et d&rsquo;un capitaine de mer anglais ; sa grand-m\u00e8re Susana et John Wayles, le propri\u00e9taire de Susana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La m\u00e8re d&rsquo;Hemings, Betty, a \u00e9galement eu des enfants avec son ma\u00eetre, John Wayles. Wayles \u00e9tait avocat, marchand d&rsquo;esclaves, planteur et beau-p\u00e8re de Jefferson. Wayles a migr\u00e9 de Lancaster, en Angleterre, vers la Virginie dans les ann\u00e9es 1730.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/M\/MV5BMmNkNGQyNjUtZTI2Yy00OGUwLThmNjItMTk0NDA0Njc3MjhiXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_.jpg\"  alt=\"Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain\"  width=\"590\" height=\"756\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sally Hemings est arriv\u00e9e chez les Jefferson alors qu&rsquo;elle \u00e9tait gamine. Vu qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait m\u00e9tisse, elle a eu le privil\u00e8ge d&rsquo;\u00eatre employ\u00e9e de maison. Cela signifie qu&rsquo;elle n&rsquo;a pas eu \u00e0 travailler dans les champs.&nbsp; Elle \u00e9tait \u00e9galement infirmi\u00e8re, femme de chambre et couturi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1784, Thomas Jefferson a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme envoy\u00e9\nam\u00e9ricain en France.&nbsp; Sa fille Martha\n(Polly) et Hemings l\u2019ont accompagn\u00e9 dans ce voyage. Hemings \u00e9tait alors une\nadolescente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La jeune femme est rest\u00e9e en France pendant 26 mois.\nL&rsquo;esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 aboli en France apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution de 1789. Par cons\u00e9quent,\nJefferson versait \u00e0 Hemings 2 dollars par mois.&nbsp;\nHemings pouvait apprendre le fran\u00e7ais, accompagner Martha aux r\u00e9unions\nofficielles en tant que femme de chambre et s\u00e9journer dans la villa de\nJefferson le week-end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hemings \u00e9tait l\u00e9galement autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 demander sa libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 rester en France. \u00c0 16 ans, elle est tomb\u00e9e enceinte de Jefferson. Elle retourne aux \u00c9tats-Unis sous la promesse que l\u2019enfant sera lib\u00e9r\u00e9 (de l\u2019esclavage) lorsqu&rsquo;il aura 21 ans. Hemings souhaitait \u00e9galement \u00eatre pr\u00e8s des membres de sa famille imm\u00e9diate qui se trouvaient aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Jefferson \u00e9tait veuf \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 son retour aux \u00c9tats-Unis, leur enfant, Harriet, est morte\nle 7 d\u00e9cembre 1797. Ils eurent ensuite Beverley Hemings, Thena, Harriet Hemings\nII, Madison Hemings et Eston Hemings. Toutes ces naissances ont \u00e9t\u00e9\nenregistr\u00e9es dans le livre d&rsquo;esclaves de Jefferson. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tous les enfants d\u2019Hemings \u00e9taient autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 vivre dans la\nplantation de Jefferson appel\u00e9e Monticello, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s sa mort. Ses filles,\nBeverley et Harriet, ont quitt\u00e9 Monticello. Harriet re\u00e7ut de l&rsquo;argent pour se\nrendre dans le Nord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fils, Madison et Eston, ont \u00e9pous\u00e9 des femmes de couleur\nlibres \u00e0 Charlottesville. Ils se sont ensuite install\u00e9s \u00e0 Chillicothe, dans\nl&rsquo;Ohio. En raison de la loi sur les esclaves fugitifs de 1850 et d&rsquo;un risque\naccru d&rsquo;\u00eatre repris en esclavage, ils se sont install\u00e9s \u00e0 Madison, dans le\nWisconsin. Eston a chang\u00e9 son nom en Eston H. Jefferson. Lui et Madison ont\nv\u00e9cu dans une communaut\u00e9 blanche. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hemings ne fut pas mis aux ench\u00e8res et fut autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre librement \u00e0 Charlottesville.\u00a0 Elle a v\u00e9cu \u00e0 Monticello jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 sa mort en 1835.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des arch\u00e9ologues ont retrouv\u00e9 la chambre cach\u00e9e de\u00a0Sally Hemings <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Celle qui aurait port\u00e9\u00a0au moins six des enfants ill\u00e9gitimes du pr\u00e9sident a toujours v\u00e9cu dans l\u2019ombre de son ma\u00eetre.\u00a0Aucun portrait de Sally\u00a0n\u2019a r\u00e9sist\u00e9 au temps, mais sa chambre personnelle vient de sortir de terre. Les arch\u00e9ologues ont en effet retrouv\u00e9 la pi\u00e8ce o\u00f9 vivait, dans des conditions encore myst\u00e9rieuses, la ma\u00eetresse du pr\u00e9sident dans sa r\u00e9sidence de Monticello, en Virginie, rapporte\u00a0CBS News. Ce fut une petite pi\u00e8ce accol\u00e9e \u00e0 la chambre\u00a0du pr\u00e9sident. 4,5 m\u00e8tres de large sur 4 m\u00e8tres de long, pas de fen\u00eatre&#8230; La chambre de Sally Hemings \u00e9tait loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre un palace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.france24.com\/media\/display\/e8fd22c0-0fd2-11e9-b89c-005056a964fe\/7782989780d2a1af4dd39693eb272268.jpg\"  alt=\"Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.france24.com\/media\/display\/e9bc550a-0fd2-11e9-853c-005056a964fe\/f7731013b3ab1d6a84358f39d19c9e9b.jpg\"  alt=\"Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.france24.com\/media\/display\/ea289440-0fd2-11e9-842e-005056bff430\/f2dd07b16399a733b27ab121cbb55e42.jpg\"  alt=\"Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cr\u00e9dit photo\u00a0: facetofaceafrica <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sarah \u00ab\u00a0Sally\u00a0\u00bb Hemings \u00e9tait une esclave du pr\u00e9sident Thomas Jefferson par le biais d&rsquo;un h\u00e9ritage de sa femme, Martha Jefferson. Ne s&rsquo;\u00e9tant jamais mari\u00e9e, Hemings a eu six enfants avec Jefferson, dont quatre ont v\u00e9cu jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte. Sally Hemings est n\u00e9e dans le comt\u00e9 de Charles City, en Virginie, en 1773.\u00a0 Elle \u00e9tait descendante &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":190840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[163653,4210,5272,163652],"class_list":["post-190839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-usa","tag-6-enfants","tag-esclave","tag-president-americain","tag-sally-hemings"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sally Hemings : l&#039;esclave qui a eu 6 enfants avec un pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain-Photos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sarah \u00ab Sally \u00bb Hemings \u00e9tait une esclave du pr\u00e9sident Thomas Jefferson par le biais d&#039;un h\u00e9ritage de sa femme, Martha 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