{"id":167843,"date":"2019-08-28T08:39:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T08:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=167843"},"modified":"2019-08-28T08:39:21","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T08:39:21","slug":"la-pollution-de-lair-tue-780-000-africains-chaque-annee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/la-pollution-de-lair-tue-780-000-africains-chaque-annee\/","title":{"rendered":"La pollution de l\u2019air tue 780 000 Africains chaque ann\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Selon une \u00e9tude de mod\u00e9lisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par des chercheurs de la NASA, la pollution de l\u2019air est responsable d’environ 780 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s chaque ann\u00e9e en Afrique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9e comme une perc\u00e9e majeure compte\ntenu de la lutte men\u00e9e au fil des ans pour d\u00e9terminer l’\u00e9tendue de la pollution\nde l\u2019air sur le continent et ses effets sur la sant\u00e9 des populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nouvelle \u00e9tude, les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 des\ndonn\u00e9es satellites et des mod\u00e8les de la chimie atmosph\u00e9rique et de la sant\u00e9\npour combler certaines lacunes dans les donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s enregistr\u00e9s en\nAfrique sont attribuables \u00e0 la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 de l’air caus\u00e9e par des\nmati\u00e8res particuli\u00e8res transport\u00e9es par les temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re du d\u00e9sert du\nSahara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les effets n\u00e9fastes de la pollution de l\u2019air sur la sant\u00e9 sont bien connus. L’exposition \u00e0 l’ozone et aux particules, par exemple, cause des maladies respiratoires et cardiovasculaires. Mais la plupart des pays africains n’ont pas l’infrastructure n\u00e9cessaire pour cartographier en d\u00e9tail les niveaux de polluants auxquels les gens sont expos\u00e9s et la fa\u00e7on dont ces polluants affectent la sant\u00e9 publique \u00bb<\/em>, explique Susanne Bauer, cadre \u00e0 la NASA\/Goddard Institute for Space Studies qui a dirig\u00e9 cette \u00e9tude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En dehors de l’Afrique du Sud, de nombreux pays du continent\nn’investissent que peu ou pas du tout dans les outils de surveillance de la\nqualit\u00e9 de l’air. Ce d\u00e9veloppement selon Kiros Berhane, \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiste \u00e0 la\nfacult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine Keck de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie du Sud, rend difficile\nl’obtention de \u00ab donn\u00e9es bien entretenues et facilement accessibles sur\nles indicateurs de sant\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9tude de la NASA, selon Susanne Bauer, s’est concentr\u00e9e\nsur trois sources majeures de pollution de l’air ext\u00e9rieur en Afrique, \u00e0 savoir\n: l’industrialisation, qui comprend des sources telles que les voitures et les\nusines ; les incendies, principalement les feux de brousses ; et les sources\nnaturelles, qui sont domin\u00e9es par la poussi\u00e8re min\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9quipe a utilis\u00e9 les observations satellites des\nparticules d’a\u00e9rosols dans l’atmosph\u00e8re pour estimer le taux d\u2019\u00e9missions, et la\nmod\u00e9lisation atmosph\u00e9rique et climatique pour pr\u00e9dire l’\u00e9tendue et le transport\ndes particules, de l’ozone, du monoxyde de carbone et du dioxyde de soufre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les chercheurs ont ensuite d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les\n\u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques pour pr\u00e9dire les impacts de la pollution sur la sant\u00e9 en 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les mod\u00e8les de Bauer ont conclu que l’exposition aux\n\u00e9missions naturelles, principalement les poussi\u00e8res fines, a caus\u00e9 556 475\nd\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s sur le continent en 2016, dont environ 43 489 en Afrique\nde l’Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9missions industrielles ont caus\u00e9 182 398 d\u00e9c\u00e8s et\nla combustion de la biomasse 43 374. Dans l’ensemble, la mortalit\u00e9 en\nAfrique r\u00e9sultant d’une mauvaise qualit\u00e9 de l’air est semblable \u00e0 la mortalit\u00e9\ndue au VIH\/sida dans la r\u00e9gion, affirme Susanne Bauer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les questions se posent sur la fa\u00e7on dont l’\u00e9tude de la NASA peut \u00e9clairer les solutions locales dans les pays du continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des chercheurs comme Rebecca Garland, qui travaille sur la\nqualit\u00e9 de l’air et la mod\u00e9lisation du climat au Conseil de la recherche\nscientifique et industrielle de Pretoria, souhaitent que l’on investisse\ndavantage dans la collecte de donn\u00e9es locales sur la pollution au moyen de\nmesures au sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesures prises par les gouvernements \u00e0 la suite de l’\u00e9tude<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Africafeeds.com, le conservateur de Clean Air One Atmosphere Ghana, Collins Gameli Hodoli, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les r\u00e9sultats doivent d\u00e9clencher l’action des gouvernements \u00e0 travers le continent par le biais des investissements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Bien que ces r\u00e9sultats ne soient pas repr\u00e9sentatifs de la mesure dans laquelle les \u00e9missions atmosph\u00e9riques contribuent aux d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s en Afrique, ils sont r\u00e9v\u00e9lateurs de la situation \u00bb<\/em>, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traduire ce r\u00e9sultat en termes \u00e9conomiques pourrait inciter\nles gouvernements africains \u00e0 traiter la pollution de l’air avec une certaine\nurgence, par exemple en allouant des fonds \u00e0 la recherche, \u00e0 des projets\nd’intervention sociale tels que des subventions pour le Gaz de p\u00e9trole liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9\n(GPL) afin d’encourager l’utilisation dans les foyers pour la\ncuisson\/chauffage, \u00e0 la fourniture de fourneaux am\u00e9lior\u00e9s aux m\u00e9nages pauvres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nouveaux outils de d\u00e9tection environnementale peu co\u00fbteux\npeuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour compl\u00e9ter les approches conventionnelles actuelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo : africafeeds<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selon une \u00e9tude de mod\u00e9lisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par des chercheurs de la NASA, la pollution de l\u2019air est responsable d’environ 780 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s chaque ann\u00e9e en Afrique. La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9e comme une perc\u00e9e majeure compte tenu de la lutte men\u00e9e au fil des ans pour d\u00e9terminer l’\u00e9tendue de la pollution de l\u2019air sur le continent …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":167853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,371],"tags":[156960,444,2727,156959],"class_list":["post-167843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","category-sante","tag-156960","tag-africains","tag-annee","tag-pollution-de-lair"],"yoast_head":"\nLa pollution de l\u2019air tue 780 000 Africains chaque ann\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Selon une \u00e9tude de mod\u00e9lisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par des chercheurs de la NASA, la pollution de l\u2019air est responsable d'environ 780 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s chaque ann\u00e9e en Afrique.\" \/>\n<meta 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