{"id":151353,"date":"2019-04-24T12:45:59","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T12:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=151353"},"modified":"2019-04-24T12:45:59","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T12:45:59","slug":"malawi-loms-lance-le-premier-vaccin-contre-le-paludisme-au-monde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/malawi-loms-lance-le-premier-vaccin-contre-le-paludisme-au-monde\/","title":{"rendered":"Malawi : l\u2019OMS lance le premier vaccin contre le paludisme au monde"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un programme pilote \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle appel\u00e9 le premier vaccin antipaludique au monde a d\u00e9but\u00e9 au Malawi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le vaccin RTSS entra\u00eene le syst\u00e8me immunitaire \u00e0 attaquer le parasite du paludisme, qui se transmet par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des essais ant\u00e9rieurs de moindre envergure ont montr\u00e9 que pr\u00e8s de 40 % des enfants de 5 \u00e0 17 mois qui l’avaient re\u00e7u \u00e9taient prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les cas de paludisme semblent de nouveau en hausse apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9cennie de succ\u00e8s dans la lutte contre cette maladie mortelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C’est un moment historique pour la vaccination, la lutte contre le paludisme et la sant\u00e9 publique\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le Dr Kate O’Brien, Directrice de la vaccination et des vaccins \u00e0 l’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9, \u00e0 la BBC.<\/span><\/p>\n

Selon les chiffres annuels les plus r\u00e9cents, le nombre de cas de paludisme dans le monde ne diminue plus, ce qui suscite des inqui\u00e9tudes quant \u00e0 sa r\u00e9surgence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Malawi est le premier des trois pays choisis pour le programme pilote. Il vise \u00e0 vacciner 120\u00a0000 enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de deux ans et moins. Les deux autres pays, le Ghana et le Kenya, introduiront le vaccin dans les semaines \u00e0 venir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les trois pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisis parce qu’ils m\u00e8nent d\u00e9j\u00e0 de vastes programmes de lutte contre le paludisme, y compris l’utilisation de moustiquaires. De plus, ces pays comptent encore un grand nombre de cas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le paludisme tue chaque ann\u00e9e quelque 435\u00a0000 personnes dans le monde, dont la majorit\u00e9 sont des enfants. La plupart de ces d\u00e9c\u00e8s sont enregistr\u00e9s en Afrique, o\u00f9 plus de 25\u00a0 000 enfants meurent chaque ann\u00e9e, selon l’OMS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Dr O’Brien a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le paludisme est \u00ab\u00a0une maladie contre laquelle il est tr\u00e8s difficile de d\u00e9velopper un vaccin\u00a0\u00bb. <\/span>Un premier essai du vaccin a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sept pays ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 un vaste essai auquel ont particip\u00e9 plus de 15\u00a0000 enfants\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le Dr David Schellenberg, qui travaille au d\u00e9veloppement du vaccin avec l’OMS.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’essai a montr\u00e9 assez clairement que ce vaccin est s\u00fbr et qu’il est efficace pour pr\u00e9venir les \u00e9pisodes de paludisme clinique et les \u00e9pisodes de paludisme grave\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il expliqu\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le vaccin RTS,S est en cours d’\u00e9laboration depuis plus de trois d\u00e9cennies, les scientifiques de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pharmaceutique GSK l’ayant cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des ann\u00e9es d’essais soutenus par de nombreuses organisations, dont l’Initiative pour un vaccin contre le paludisme, et dont le co\u00fbt est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 1 milliard de dollars am\u00e9ricain, ont conduit \u00e0 ce point.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’efficacit\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 40 % n’est pas \u00e9lev\u00e9e par rapport aux vaccins contre d’autres maladies, mais le Dr Schellenberg indique que le RTS,S viendra s’ajouter aux mesures pr\u00e9ventives d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9es, telles que les moustiquaires et les insecticides.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Personne ne pr\u00e9tend qu’il s’agit d’une solution miracle. Ce n’est peut-\u00eatre pas grand-chose, mais il s’agit d’une r\u00e9duction de 40 % du paludisme grave qui, malheureusement, a encore un taux de mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9, m\u00eame lorsqu’on a acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un bon traitement\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le Dr Schellenberg.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le vaccin doit \u00eatre administr\u00e9 quatre fois – une fois par mois pendant trois mois, puis une quatri\u00e8me dose 18 mois plus tard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Dr Schellenberg a reconnu qu’il pourrait \u00eatre difficile pour les m\u00e8res de certaines r\u00e9gions d’emmener leurs enfants aux cliniques pour les quatre doses. <\/span>Cette \u00e9tape de l’essai devrait \u00eatre termin\u00e9e d’ici 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo\u00a0: bbc<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un programme pilote \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle appel\u00e9 le premier vaccin antipaludique au monde a d\u00e9but\u00e9 au Malawi. Le vaccin RTSS entra\u00eene le syst\u00e8me immunitaire \u00e0 attaquer le parasite du paludisme, qui se transmet par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques. Des essais ant\u00e9rieurs de moindre envergure ont montr\u00e9 que pr\u00e8s de 40 % des enfants de 5 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":151354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[371],"tags":[5291,3063,146656,2370],"class_list":["post-151353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante","tag-malawi","tag-oms","tag-paludisle","tag-vaccin","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nMalawi : l\u2019OMS lance le premier vaccin contre le paludisme au monde<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le vaccin RTS,S entra\u00eene le syst\u00e8me immunitaire \u00e0 attaquer le parasite du paludisme, qui se transmet par les piq\u00fbres de moustiques.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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