{"id":150168,"date":"2019-04-12T15:05:28","date_gmt":"2019-04-12T15:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=150168"},"modified":"2019-04-12T15:05:28","modified_gmt":"2019-04-12T15:05:28","slug":"des-scientifiques-chinois-implantent-a-des-singes-des-genes-du-cerveau-humain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/des-scientifiques-chinois-implantent-a-des-singes-des-genes-du-cerveau-humain\/","title":{"rendered":"Des scientifiques chinois implantent \u00e0 des singes des g\u00e8nes du cerveau humain"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques chinois ont implant\u00e9 \u00e0 des singes des g\u00e8nes du cerveau humain dans le cadre d’une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 fournir des informations sur l’\u00e9volution de l’intelligence humaine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont implant\u00e9 \u00e0 11 macaques rh\u00e9sus des versions humaines du g\u00e8ne MCPH1, qui selon les scientifiques, joue un r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau humain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ils ont d\u00e9couvert que le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau des singes – comme celui des humains – \u00e9tait plus long et que les animaux obtenaient de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats aux tests sur la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme ainsi que le temps de r\u00e9action, en comparaison aux singes sauvages. La taille des cerveaux des singes de l’exp\u00e9rience n’\u00e9tait toutefois pas sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des cerveaux de leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res du groupe de contr\u00f4le.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce test, le plus r\u00e9cent d’une s\u00e9rie d’exp\u00e9riences biom\u00e9dicales en Chine ayant aliment\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats sur l’\u00e9thique m\u00e9dicale, a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait ressortir des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9thiques et des comparaisons avec la science-fiction dystopique \u00ab\u00a0Planet of the Apes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 par des chercheurs de l’Institut de zoologie de Kunming et de l’Acad\u00e9mie chinoise des sciences, en collaboration avec des chercheurs am\u00e9ricains de l’Universit\u00e9 de Caroline du Nord.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e le mois dernier dans la revue National Science Review.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nos r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9montrent que les primates transg\u00e9niques non humains (en dehors des esp\u00e8ces de grands singes) ont le potentiel de fournir des informations importantes – et potentiellement uniques – sur des questions fondamentales de ce qui rend l’homme unique\u00a0\u00bb, ont \u00e9crit les auteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les singes ont subi des tests de m\u00e9moire les obligeant \u00e0 m\u00e9moriser les couleurs et les formes sur un \u00e9cran et \u00e0 des IRM. Seuls cinq des singes ont surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 la phase de test.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les auteurs ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le macaque rh\u00e9sus, bien que plus proche g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement des humains, reste suffisamment \u00e9loign\u00e9 de l\u2019homme pour ne pas susciter de questionnement \u00e9thiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, certains ont mis en doute l’\u00e9thique de l’exp\u00e9rience. \u00ab\u00a0Dans l\u2019imaginaire populaire, on se retrouve tout simplement sur la\u00a0\u2018Plan\u00e8te des Singes\u2019\u00a0\u00bb, \u00a0a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Jacqueline Glover, bio\u00e9thicienne \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Colorado.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les humaniser, c’est causer du tort. O\u00f9 vivraient-ils et que feraient-ils? Il ne faut pas cr\u00e9er un \u00eatre vivant qui ne peut pas avoir une vie significative dans un contexte quelconque\u00a0\u00bb a-t-elle confi\u00e9 \u00e0 la MIT Technology Review.<\/span><\/p>\n

Larry Baum, chercheur du Centre for Genomic Sciences de l’Universit\u00e9 de Hong Kong, n\u2019est pas d\u2019accord avec les critiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le g\u00e9nome des singes rh\u00e9sus diff\u00e8re du n\u00f4tre de quelques pour cent. Ce sont des millions de bases d’ADN individuelles qui diff\u00e8rent entre les humains et les singes. Cette \u00e9tude n\u2019a modifi\u00e9 que quelque 20\u00a0000 g\u00e8nes. Vous pouvez juger vous-m\u00eame s’il y a quelque chose \u00e0 craindre\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

En janvier, des scientifiques chinois ont d\u00e9voil\u00e9 cinq macaques clon\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d’un seul animal dont les g\u00e8nes avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9s pour le rendre malade, afin d’\u00e9tudier les troubles du sommeil. Ils avaient d\u00e9couvert que ces singes montraient des signes de probl\u00e8mes mentaux associ\u00e9s (d\u00e9pression, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, comportements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la schizophr\u00e9nie).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dit photo\u00a0: scmp<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques chinois ont implant\u00e9 \u00e0 des singes des g\u00e8nes du cerveau humain dans le cadre d’une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 fournir des informations sur l’\u00e9volution de l’intelligence humaine. Les chercheurs ont implant\u00e9 \u00e0 11 macaques rh\u00e9sus des versions humaines du g\u00e8ne MCPH1, qui selon les scientifiques, joue un r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement du cerveau humain. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":150169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7220],"tags":[145391,2593,54224,1987],"class_list":["post-150168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-cerveau-humain","tag-chinois","tag-genes","tag-scientifiques","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nDes scientifiques chinois implantent \u00e0 des singes des g\u00e8nes du cerveau humain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des scientifiques chinois ont implant\u00e9 \u00e0 des singes des g\u00e8nes du cerveau humain dans le cadre d'une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 fournir des informations sur l'\u00e9volution de 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