{"id":137950,"date":"2018-12-30T09:52:18","date_gmt":"2018-12-30T09:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=137950"},"modified":"2021-01-02T22:50:47","modified_gmt":"2021-01-02T22:50:47","slug":"graca-simbine-machel-seule-femme-lhistoire-moderne-a-avoir-epouse-deux-presidents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/graca-simbine-machel-seule-femme-lhistoire-moderne-a-avoir-epouse-deux-presidents\/","title":{"rendered":"Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel: La seule femme de l&rsquo;histoire moderne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 deux pr\u00e9sidents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel, 75 ans, est la seule femme dans l&rsquo;histoire \u00e0 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 mari\u00e9e \u00e0 deux dirigeants africains d\u00e9mocratiquement \u00e9lus.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Gaza, Mozambique, le 17 octobre 1945, Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel est la derni\u00e8re enfant d&rsquo;une famille de six personnes. Son p\u00e8re, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 trois semaines avant sa naissance, avait laiss\u00e9 l&rsquo;instruction que Gra\u00e7a doit \u00eatre \u00e9duqu\u00e9e jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole secondaire ; un v\u0153u qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 par ses fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs a\u00een\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1.jpg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-137955 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1.jpg\"  alt=\"Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel: La seule femme de l&#039;histoire moderne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 deux pr\u00e9sidents\"  width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1-164x82.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Machel-e1512538329820-1-600x300.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la fin de ses \u00e9tudes secondaires, l&rsquo;\u00c9glise m\u00e9thodiste lui a offert une bourse pour \u00e9tudier \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Lisbonne, au Portugal, o\u00f9 elle a choisi de se sp\u00e9cialiser en langues.<\/p>\n<p>En raison de la surveillance de la police secr\u00e8te portugaise, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 forc\u00e9e d&rsquo;abandonner ses \u00e9tudes et s&rsquo;est r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e en Suisse.<\/p>\n<p>En 1973, elle retourne en Tanzanie et a rejoint le FRELIMO o\u00f9 elle a rencontr\u00e9 son premier mari, Samora Machel, le premier pr\u00e9sident du Mozambique.<\/p>\n<p>Le 25 juin 1975, le Mozambique acc\u00e8de \u00e0 l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance et Samora Machel devient le premier pr\u00e9sident du nouveau pays.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2.jpg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-137954 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2.jpg\"  alt=\"Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel: La seule femme de l&#039;histoire moderne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 deux pr\u00e9sidents\"  width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2-164x82.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Gracia2-600x300.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Samora Machel \u00e9tait veuf puisque sa femme, Josina, \u00e9tait morte d&rsquo;une leuc\u00e9mie en 1971. En septembre 1975, Gra\u00e7a \u00e9pouse Samora Machel et devient la premi\u00e8re dame du Mozambique, poste qu&rsquo;elle combine avec celui de ministre de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation jusqu&rsquo;en 1986.<\/p>\n<p>Samora Machel est mort dans un accident d&rsquo;avion le 19 octobre 1986, ce qui a pouss\u00e9 Gra\u00e7a \u00e0 d\u00e9missionner de son poste de ministre de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Cette derni\u00e8re qui avait pass\u00e9 les dix premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance du Mozambique \u00e0 s&rsquo;efforcer sans rel\u00e2che de r\u00e9duire le taux d&rsquo;analphab\u00e9tisme de 93 % de la population, apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9mission, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se concentrer sur le terrible bilan que 20 ans de troubles et de stagnation \u00e9conomique avaient fait subir \u00e0 son pays.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le pays, il y avait des \u00e9coles en ruines en attente de reconstruction, des cliniques d\u00e9labr\u00e9es qui avaient besoin de r\u00e9novation et des champs envahies par la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation qui devaient \u00eatre d\u00e9frich\u00e9s pour l&rsquo;agriculture de subsistance dont d\u00e9pendent la plupart des Mozambicains ruraux. Et ce ne sont l\u00e0 que les premiers \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la longue liste des malheurs du Mozambique. Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, une paix tendue et pr\u00e9caire s&rsquo;est enfin install\u00e9e et plus d&rsquo;un million de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des pays voisins ont d\u00fb \u00eatre ramen\u00e9s chez eux.<\/p>\n<p>Femme pragmatique qui croyait fermement que l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation est un premier pas essentiel pour progresser, Gra\u00e7a a consacr\u00e9 toute sa vie \u00e0 enseigner les \u00e9coliers, les Mozambicains ruraux d\u00e9sireux d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer leur communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Pour toutes les femmes mozambicaines et pour beaucoup d&rsquo;autres dans les pays \u00e9trangers, Gra\u00e7a Machel, une femme pleine d&rsquo;assurance et de compassion, est un vrai mod\u00e8le, la quintessence de la femme africaine des ann\u00e9es 1990.<\/p>\n<p>Son mariage avec Nelson Mandela a \u00e9t\u00e9 dramatique puisqu&rsquo;il a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;occasion du 80e anniversaire de la d\u00e9funte ic\u00f4ne.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel.jpg\"><img  title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-137953 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel.jpg\"  alt=\"Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel: La seule femme de l&#039;histoire moderne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 deux pr\u00e9sidents\"  width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel-164x82.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.afrikmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/gracamichel-600x300.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s son mariage avec l\u2019ancien dirigeant sud-africain, Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel est devenue la Premi\u00e8re Dame de l&rsquo;Afrique du Sud \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 52 ans, un titre qui n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas nouveau pour elle.<\/p>\n<p>Gra\u00e7a, mari\u00e9e \u00e0 Mandela jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 son d\u00e9c\u00e8s en 2013, a deux enfants, Josina Z. Machel, 42 ans, et Malengani Machel, 40 ans, avec son premier mari, Samora Machel.<\/p>\n<p>Cr\u00e9dit photo\u00a0: women.mg<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel, 75 ans, est la seule femme dans l&rsquo;histoire \u00e0 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 mari\u00e9e \u00e0 deux dirigeants africains d\u00e9mocratiquement \u00e9lus. N\u00e9e \u00e0 Gaza, Mozambique, le 17 octobre 1945, Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel est la derni\u00e8re enfant d&rsquo;une famille de six personnes. Son p\u00e8re, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 trois semaines avant sa naissance, avait laiss\u00e9 l&rsquo;instruction que Gra\u00e7a doit &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":137959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[132546,394,132545,2440],"class_list":["post-137950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afrique","tag-deux-presidents","tag-femme","tag-graca-simbine-machel","tag-histoire","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel: La seule femme de l&#039;histoire moderne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9pous\u00e9 deux pr\u00e9sidents<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gra\u00e7a Simbine Machel, 73 ans, est la seule femme dans l&#039;histoire \u00e0 avoir 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