{"id":134116,"date":"2018-11-28T15:55:58","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T15:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/?p=134116"},"modified":"2018-11-28T15:56:34","modified_gmt":"2018-11-28T15:56:34","slug":"scientifique-cree-le-premier-bebe-monde-a-etre-edite-par-un-gene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afrikmag.com\/var\/www\/vhosts\/afrikmag.compublic_html\/scientifique-cree-le-premier-bebe-monde-a-etre-edite-par-un-gene\/","title":{"rendered":"Chine-Pol\u00e9mique: un chercheur affirme avoir cr\u00e9\u00e9 des b\u00e9b\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9dit\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le chercheur chinois He Jiankui assure avoir men\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience ayant abouti aux premi\u00e8res naissances d\u2019enfants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s. L&rsquo;affirmation, non \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des preuves, pose de graves questions \u00e9thiques.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;ADN des jumelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 avec un nouvel outil puissant capable de r\u00e9\u00e9crire le mod\u00e8le m\u00eame de la vie, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le chercheur Dr He Jiankui.<\/p>\n<p>Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que son objectif n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas de gu\u00e9rir ou de pr\u00e9venir une maladie h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire, mais bien d&rsquo;essayer de conf\u00e9rer un trait caract\u00e9ristique de peu de gens naturellement &#8211; une capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle infection par le VIH, le virus du SIDA.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, de nombreux scientifiques classiques pensent qu&rsquo;il est trop dangereux de l&rsquo;essayer, et ce type de modification g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est interdit en Grande-Bretagne et aux \u00c9tats-Unis car les modifications de l&rsquo;ADN peuvent \u00eatre transmises aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures et risquent de nuire \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres g\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n<p>Le chercheur, He Jiankui de Shenzhen, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir modifi\u00e9 des embryons pour sept couples au cours de traitements de fertilit\u00e9, avec une grossesse jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n<p>Il a d\u00e9voil\u00e9 ses recherches lundi \u00e0 Hong Kong \u00e0 l&rsquo;un des organisateurs d&rsquo;une conf\u00e9rence internationale sur l&rsquo;\u00e9dition de g\u00e8nes qui doit s&rsquo;ouvrir mardi.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"About Lulu and Nana: Twin Girls Born Healthy After Gene Surgery As Single-Cell Embryos\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/th0vnOmFltc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dans sa vid\u00e9o, le\u00a0D<sup>r<\/sup>\u00a0He explique que les jumelles, surnomm\u00e9es \u00abLulu\u00bb et \u00abNana\u00bb, seraient n\u00e9es apr\u00e8s une f\u00e9condation in vitro, \u00e0 partir d\u2019embryons modifi\u00e9s avant leur implantation dans l\u2019ut\u00e9rus de la m\u00e8re, et ce, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la technique CRISPR-Cas9. Cette m\u00e9thode, dite des \u00abciseaux g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques\u00bb, repose\u00a0sur un syst\u00e8me naturel utilis\u00e9 par les bact\u00e9ries pour se prot\u00e9ger des infections virales.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Je sens une responsabilit\u00e9 forte qu&rsquo;il ne suffit pas de faire une premi\u00e8re, mais aussi d&rsquo;en faire un exemple\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. He \u00e0 l&rsquo;AP.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cidera quoi faire ensuite\u00a0\u00bb pour autoriser ou interdire une telle science, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Certains scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 stup\u00e9faits d&rsquo;apprendre cette affirmation et l&rsquo;ont fermement condamn\u00e9e. Il est \u00abinacceptable\u2026 une exp\u00e9rience sur des \u00eatres humains qui ne soit d\u00e9fendable ni moralement ni \u00e9thiquement\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le Dr Kiran Musunuru, expert \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pennsylvanie et r\u00e9dacteur en chef d&rsquo;un journal de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<br \/>\n\u00c9diter les spermatozo\u00efdes, les ovocytes ou les embryons est diff\u00e9rent &#8211; les modifications peuvent \u00eatre h\u00e9rit\u00e9es. La Chine interdit le clonage humain, mais pas sp\u00e9cifiquement la modification de g\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le chercheur chinois He Jiankui assure avoir men\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience ayant abouti aux premi\u00e8res naissances d\u2019enfants g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s. L&rsquo;affirmation, non \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des preuves, pose de graves questions \u00e9thiques. L&rsquo;ADN des jumelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 avec un nouvel outil puissant capable de r\u00e9\u00e9crire le mod\u00e8le m\u00eame de la vie, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le chercheur Dr He &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":134297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1339,8766,7020],"tags":[400,7812,604,54224],"class_list":["post-134116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asie","category-monde","category-societe","tag-bebe","tag-chercheur","tag-chine","tag-genes","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chine-Pol\u00e9mique: un scientifique affirme avoir cr\u00e9\u00e9 des b\u00e9b\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement &quot;\u00e9dit\u00e9s&quot;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/Felycutie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Afrikmag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Felicia Essan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/afrikmag.com\\\/var\\\/www\\\/vhosts\\\/afrikmag.compublic_html\\\/scientifique-cree-le-premier-bebe-monde-a-etre-edite-par-un-gene\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/afrikmag.com\\\/var\\\/www\\\/vhosts\\\/afrikmag.compublic_html\\\/scientifique-cree-le-premier-bebe-monde-a-etre-edite-par-un-gene\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Felicia 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